电力需求与定价(6)

D. Summary

In the first stage of calculating LRMC, the economic (first

best) efficiency objectives of tariff setting are satisfied, because

the method of calculation is based on future economic

resource costs rather than sunk costs, and also incorporates

economic considerations such as shadow prices and externalities.

The structuring of marginal costs permits an efficient

and fair allocation of the tariff burden on consumers. In the

second stage of developing an LRMC-based tariff, deviations

from strict LRMC are considered to meet important financial,

social, economic (second best), and political criteria. This

second step of adjusting strict LRMC is generally as important

as the first stage calculation.

The LRMC approach provides an explicit framework for

analyzing system costs and setting tariffs. If departures from

the strict LRMC are required for noneconomic reasons, then

the economic efficiency cost of these deviations may be estimated

roughly by comparing the impact of the modified tariff

3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 69, NO. 3, MARCH 1981

relative to (benchmark) strict LRMC. Since the cost structure

may be studied in considerable detail during the LRMC calculations,

this analysis also helps to pinpoint weaknesses and

inefficiencies in the various parts of the power system-for

example, overinvestment, unbalanced investment, or excessive

losses at the generation, transmission, and distribution levels,

in different geographic areas, and so on. This aspect is particularly

useful in improving system expansion planning.

Finally, any LRMC-based tariff is a compromise between

many different objectives. Therefore, there is no “ideal”

tariff. By using the LRMC approach, it is possible to revise

and improve the tariff on a consistent and ongoing basis, and

thereby approach the optimum price over a peeod of several

years, without subjecting long-standing consumers to “unfair“

shocks, in the form of large abrupt price changes.

11. ECONOMICOS F MARGINALC OST PRICING

Marginal cost pricing theory dates back to the pathbreaking

efforts of Dupuit [ 111 and Hotelling [ 171, [47] , [48]. The

development of the theory, especially for application in the

electric power sector, received a strong impetus from the

1950 s [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ S l ] , [ 5 4 ] , [ 5 7 ] . Recent work hasled to

developments in peak load pricing, incorporation of the effects

of uncertainty and the costs of power shortages, etc. [71,

[ 201, [26], 1491, [ 531, [ 55 I . This section briefly reviews

the basic principles of marginal cost pricing and some recent

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说教育文库电力需求与定价(6)在线全文阅读。