3.对动名词或不定式进行否定时，在不定式或动名词前加not就可以了。not to do、not doing
He pretended not to see her. 他假装没有看见她。
He regrets not joining them. 他后悔没有加入他们。
练习：
1. It is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.
2. We think it important to learn (learn) English. 3. He pretended not to see (not see) her.
第三十七讲 非谓语动词（3） to不定式表示目的的用法
1. in order to +动词原形：表示目的 2. so as to +动词原形：表示目的
3. 由in order to 引导的目的状语，置于句首、句尾均可。 4. 由so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾。
I’ve written it down in order to remember it. 我写下来了，目的是为了记住它。 也可以写成：
In order to remember it，I’ve written it down.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 他又叫又挥手，目的是为了被注意到。
5. 它们的否定形式分别在to前加not
I’ve written it down in order not to forget it. He said nothing so as not to be noticed.
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练习：
He gets up early in order to/so as to（目的是）arrive at school on time.
He wrote it down in order not to/so as not to （目的是不）forget it.
第三十八讲 非谓语动词（4） 常见的不定式和动名词
包含不定式和动名词的一些固定结构 1. too?to?：太?而不能?
The room is too small to live. “too?to”中间加形容词或副词。
2. enough +n+ to do/ adj +enough to do 足够??可以??
There is enough food to eat. 有足够的食物可以吃
The box is big enough to contain six apples. 足够大可以装6个苹果
3. on doing：一??就??
On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened. 一看到那条蛇，女孩就非常害怕 （作状语）
4. There is no hope of doing：没希望?? There is no hope of seeing him. 没希望看见他
5. feel like doing：想要??
I feel like eating ice cream now.
6. have a hard time doing：做??很艰难
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They have a hard time solving the problem themselves. 他们自己解决那个问题很困难
练习：
There are enough books to read(read). I feel like drinking(drink) coffee now. The room is too small to live(live).
第三十九讲 非谓语动词（5） 现在分词/过去分词，分词句
1.doing可称之为动名词；用在进行时中，称之为现在分词 Writing books is his job. 动名词
He is writing a book. 进行时“现在分词”
2.done用在完成时和被动语态中，称之为过去分词。 He has written the homework. 完成时 已经完成作业 The homework is written. 被动语态 作业被写好
3.分词句：是包含现在分词和过去分词的分句。 The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 作伴随状语，边说边笑 Accompanied by his friend,he went to
the railway station. 作伴随状语，他被朋友陪伴着去了火车站。
练习：
He likes drinking (drink) coffee. The door was locked (lock).
Given (give) better attention, the plants could grow better.
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第四十讲 原形不定式（1）使役动词
使役动词，表示“使/让??”
1.make, let，have做使役动词，构成形式为：
“have/make/let+宾语+动词原形” （动词前不加to） He made me laugh. I let him go.
Please have him come here.
2.get和help做使役动词，get的使役动词句为“get+宾语+to+动词原形”，help的使役动词句为“help+宾语+(to)+动词原形”
I can’t get anyone to do the work properly. 准确地完成工作
I helped him (to) repair the car. 3. make/let/have/get/help+宾语+过去分词，表示“让某物/人被别人??”（表被动） I must get my hair cut.
He couldn’t make himself heard.
Can you get the work finished in time?
练习：
He made me laugh (laugh). I let him go (go).
I must get my hair cut (cut).
第四十一讲 原形不定式（2）感官动词
1.“感官动词see/watch观看/observe/notice
/hear/smell/taste/feel+宾语+动词原形或现在分词” （动词前不加to）
表示：感知到某物或人怎样了 +动词原形，表示动作的真实性
+现在分词，表示动作的连续性，进行性。
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I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 看到他昨天在花园里工作
I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 看到他昨天一直在花园里工作
2. “感官动词+宾语+过去分词”， 表示：感知到某物或人被怎样了
John saw the man knocked down by the car. 看到一人被轿车撞倒了
练习：
I watched a dog running (run) in the garden yesterday. I heard Sam sent (send) to the hospital.
第四十二讲 假设（1）单纯表示假设 1.条件状语从句：用“if”引导条件状语从句，从句为现在时，则主句为将来时，通常译作“如果??”,
If you get up early, you will catch up with the train.
2.if引导的条件状语从句，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。 If you ask him, he will help you.
She will be upset if you fail the exam.
如果你没考好，她会失望。
练习：
If he runs, he will get （get）there in time. 如果他跑得快，他就会及时赶到那儿。
The cat will scratch (scratch) you if you pull its tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
第四十三讲 假设（2）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
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