3.被动语态有各种时态：
The information is needed by us. 一般时 be done
The book was being read by him. 进行时 be being done
The computer has been used by her. 完成时 have/has/had been done The room will be cleaned. 将来时 will be done
The computer could have been used by them. 可能已经被用了
情态动词+完成时 情态动词+ have/has been done
练习：（一个空一个时态）
The information is needed.(need) The book was read.(read)
The door has been opened.(open) The book was being read.(read) The computer had been used.(use)
The computer could have been used.(use) The room will be cleaned.(clean)
第三十二讲 被动语态（2）被动态和情态动词结合 1.被动语态也可以和情态动词结合：
情态动词+be done 应该被??、必须被??等 can/could +be done may/might +be done must/have to +be done should/ought to +be done
had better/would rather +be done used to/would +be done need doing 需要被…… need to be done 需要被??
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2.和情态动词结合的形式：
The food could be taken away. 食品可以被带走 The food might be taken away. 食品可能被带走 The food must be taken away. 食品必须被带走 The food should be taken away. 食品应该被带走 The food needs taking away. 食品需要被带走
The food had better be taken away. 食品最好被带走 Books used to be returned in two days. 书过去常常在2天之内被归还。
练习：
The room may/might/can/could（可能）be cleaned. The door must （必须）be locked.
The house should （应该）be furnished.
The tree had better （最好）be watered now.
第三十三讲 被动语态（3）（by+行为者）可省略 动作的行为者不明或不重要，或上下文中提到了行为者时，“by sb”可以省略。
The information is needed. The books is being read. The door was opened.
练习：
The door is opened.(open)被打开了 The book is being read.(read)正读着
The computer has been used.(use)已经被用了
The pencil had been sharpened.(sharpen)已经被削尖了
第三十四讲 被动语态（4）被动语态疑问句
1.被动语态的一般疑问句：助动词+主语+（其他助动词）+
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过去分词
Is the information needed by him? Yes,it is./No,it isn't.
Has the computer been used by her? Yes,it has./No,it hasn't.
Will the room be cleaned? Yes,it will./No,it won't.
2.被动语态的特殊疑问句：疑问词+助动词+主语+（其他助动词）+过去分词
The information is needed by them. What is needed by them?
The girl is taken to Shanghai. Where is the girl taken?
The book has been read three times. How many times has the book been read?
练习：
1.Is the book being read(read) by her? 她正在读那本书吗？
2.Has the computer been used(use) by them? 他们用过那台电脑吗？
3.How often is the English class taken（take）? 英语课多长时间上一次？
第三十五讲 非谓语动词（1） “不作谓语成分的动词”
to+动词原形VS动词原形+ing
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1.动词不定式：由to do构成，可以做主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语6种。
To get there by bike will take us an hour. 作主语，骑自行车到那，将花掉我们一小时
The driver failed to see the car in time. 作宾语，司机没及时看见那辆小轿车
We believe him to be guilty. 作宾补（对him的补充说明），我们相信他是有罪的
My suggestiong is to put off the meeting. 作表语（be动词后），我的建议是推迟会议。
The next train to arrive is from Seoul. 作定语，将到达的下一列火车是来自首尔的。
I come here only to say goodbye to you. 作状语，我来这目的是和你说再见
2.动名词：doing，具有动词的特征和变化形式，但在句子中作名词用。可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语（与动词同）。
Reading is an art. 作主语，阅读是一门艺术
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 作宾语（动词后），他们一直往前走，未停止交谈 Your task is quickly cleaning the windows. 作表语（be动词后），你的任务是赶快把窗户擦干净 This is a reading room. 作定语，这是个阅读室
练习：
1.To finish the work will take us an hour.
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完成这项工作
2.I come here to say goodbye to you. 和你告别
3.Talking is an art. 说话
第三十六讲 非谓语动词（2） 假主语it/真主语 假宾语it/真宾语
不定式/动名词的否定式
1.to不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上，但一般用it代替它作形式主语。
It's a great honor to be invited. 被邀请很荣幸。
It为假主语，代替真主语“to be invited” 重排语序为：To be invited is a great honor.
It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收（对着溢出的牛奶哭是没用的）
It为假主语，代替真主语“crying over spilt milk”
在真主语较长的情况下，英语常先用it放在句首代替真主语，之后再引出真主语。
2.在宾语的位置上，用it 代替它作形式宾语 We think it important to learn English. 我们认为学英语很重要。
it为假宾语，代替真宾语“to learn English”
I found it pleasant walking in the park. 我发现在公园里散步是件乐事。
it为假宾语，代替真宾语“walking in the park”
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