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英语语法入门笔记(崔荣容)(3)

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(a bike) 一辆自行车

第十二讲 代词:指示代词和不定代词 指示代词(特指):标识人或事物的代词,用来代替前面已提到的名词。

常用的:this\\these\\that\\those This is his book.

Those apples were his.

不定代词(泛指):指代不确定的人或事物。

常用的:one\\the other\\some\\any\\something\\nothing 例:

No one knows where he is. 没人知道他在哪儿 Some of the boys want to go to Shanghai,but the others want to go to Xi’an. 一些男孩想去上海,其他人想去西安

Each of the students has got a book. 每个学生都有一本书。 练习

1.(These)teachers are from China. 这些教师都是中国来的。

2.I know(nothing )about this person. 我对这个人一无所知

3.I have (something)to tell you. 我有事要告诉你

第十三讲 形容词

1、形容词通常形容人或事物的状态、性质、大小等,通常用在名词前,be动词后

beautiful-beautiful girl The girl is beautiful.

2、The+形容词=复数名词(表示一类),作主语时,后面的动词

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使用复数的相应格式。

old-the old 老的—老年人(一类人、复数名词) young-the young 年轻的—年轻人(一类人、复数名词) The old need more care than the young.

The old是复数名词,后面的动词need不能用三单的格式。

3、练习:

(1)She is a ( good )student. 她是一个好学生。

(2)This bike is ( expensive ) 这辆自行车很贵 (3)( The rich )sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活

第十四讲 副词

1、副词可以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及其他结构。一般表程度。

He runs fast.

She is very beautiful. very修饰形容词beautiful They work very hard.

副词的位置

(1) 根据情况,放在助动词之后,实意动词之前或之后 (2) 形容词之前,其它副词之前或之后

(3) 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后 He speaks very fast.

fast在实意动词speak之后,在其它副词very之后。 They have already left. already在助动词have后

They have already been repaired. already在第一个助动词have后

2、 常用的频度副词

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(always\%usually\\often\\sometimes\\never??)的位置通常放在实意动词前面,be动词后面,助动词和实意动词之间。 They always come early.

Sam often writes homework at 7:00.

练习:

1、Please write the word( slowly)(慢慢地) 2、They (sometimes)come here. (有时) 3、The tree is ( very )tall.(非常)

第十五讲 不定量表达法(1)

不确定数量的表达法,用不确定的数量词来限定名词 Some any most every all

1. some,any都表示“一些”,后面接可数名词复数、不可数名

词单数。some主要用于肯定句,希望得到肯定回答时,也可用在疑问句中。any主要用在否定和疑问句中。

I’d been expecting some letters the whole morning,but there weren’t any for me.

2. most作形容词时表示“大部分的”,后面接复数名词 Most people here are from China.

3. every表示“每一个、所有”,后面接单数名词。 Every one likes the film.

4. all表示“所有”,后面接可数名词复数、不可数名词单数。 All the cars are parked in the parking lot. All the coffee is served on time.

练习:

1. Some boys went camping yesterday.(一些)

2. All the children like to play football.(所有的) 3. Most teachers want to work here.(大多数)

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第十六讲 不定量表达法(2) 1. both表示“两者都”,可作形容词、代词和副词,either是“两者之一”,neither是“两者都不”。 Both his eyes were severely burned.

There are trees on either side of the street. Neither answer is correct.

2. many修饰可数名词,表示“许多”;much修饰不可数名词,表示“许多”。a lot of(lots of)、plenty of均可修饰可数与不可数名词。

many books much water a lot of/lots of books/water

练习:

1. Both the hands are washed.(两个都)

2. Xiaowang drank much (a lot of )coffee last night.(很多)

第十七讲 不定量表达法(3) 1.a few,为肯定含义“几个”;few,为否定含义“没几个”,以上两个词均和可数名词复数连用。 A few books are put into the box. Few books are put onto the box.

2.a little为肯定含义“一点儿”,little为否定含义“没多点”,以上两个词均可和不可数名词连用。 There is a little water in the bottle. There is little water in the bottle.

3. none和no one的意思相同,主要作代词,翻译为“一个也不,一点也不”,用法稍有区别。

none可以接of短语,动词可用单数也可用复数。

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no one不能接of短语,动词只能用单数。 No one knows the answer.

None of us have(has)arrived.

练习:

A few books are put into the box. (几本)

There is a little water in the bottle. (一点儿) None of us have(has) arrived. (没有一个)

第十八讲 There/Here be句型

1.There/Here+be,根据上下文,有多种翻译方法,可以翻译成“有”、“是”,be动词根据后面的名词有单复数变化。

There is a book on the bookshelf. 有?? There are some books on the bookshelf. 有?? Here is the bus stop. 这儿是?? Here are your books. 这儿是??

如Here are your books的正常语序为Your books are here,主语是Your books,are是be动词,here就表语,所以,There/Here+be为倒装句,实质为主系表结构。

练习:

1. There is a lot of water in the bottle.(有) 2. Here is your car.(这是)

3. There are many students in the room.(有)

第十九讲 一般现在时和现在进行时

1.一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或动作。主语是单数第三人称,动词有单三的变化,主语是非第三人称单数时,动词为原形。

They often get up at 7:00. He often gets up at 7:00.

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