一般现在时,动词的单三变化:
(1)在动词尾直接加-s,如:play—plays
(2)以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es,如:guess—guesses
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,如: Study—studies
一般现在时否定和疑问句用do、does帮助构成 He doesn't like the car. Does he like the car?
Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.
They don't like the car. Do they like the car?
Yes,they do./No,they don't.
2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。句中通常有now等时间副词呼应,基本构成形式为be+doing。 They are watching TV. He is watching TV. I am watching TV.
动词现在分词的变化规则:
(1)一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing,如work-working (2)动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去e加ing,如take-taking (3)重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing,如:cut-cutting
(4)以-ie结尾的动词,变y再加-ing,如:lie-lying
现在进行时变否定句和疑问句时,将be动词否定或提前。 (1)They aren't watching TV. Are they watching TV? (2)He isn't watching TV. Is he watching TV?
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(3)Am I watching TV?
Yes,you are./No,you aren't.
练习:
1. He works (work) very late every day. 2. Do you study English yourself? Yes, I do.
3. They are playing (play)soccer now.
第二十讲 一般过去时和过去进行时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的行为。
基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他,一般动词在动词后面加ed,还有一些不规则动词有不规则变化。
Play—played come—came
1. He worked very hard last night. 2. They came here by car.
动词一般过去时变化规则:
(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如:play—played
(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:like—liked (3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,改y为i,再加-ed。
如:supply—supplied
(4) 在以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned
2.过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+doing They were waiting for you.
He was talking with his friends just now.
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练习:
1. They went (go)swimming yesterday.
2. Sam was watching (watch)TV at 7:00 last night.
第二十一讲 将来时
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。
如:tomorrow (明天) next week (下周) in the future (将来)
1.“助动词will或shall+动词原形”,表示将要发生的事情。 (1) They will go to Shanghai by ship tomorrow.
(2) We shall leave for Shanghai next month.离开去上海
2.“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算、就要”。
They are going to play football this afternoon. She is going to learn French next year.
3.“be doing”表示位置转移的动词。如:go,come,leave, start,arrive,可用现在进行时表示将来时。
(1)They are leaving for Japan. 离开去日本
(2)She is arriving tomorrow.
练习:
1. They are coming (come)here soon.
2. Sam is going to learn (learn)Chinese next month. will learn也可以
3. Peter and Mike will finish(finish) the job tomorrow moring.
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第二十二讲 完成时
1. 现在完成时(have+p.p.),动作过去发生,已经完成,对现在造成影响或后果,动作可能还会持续,可使用的时间状语为:already(已经)和yet(还)。
(1) They have already arrived in Shanghai. (2) She has played soccer for 3 hours.
(3) She hasn’t finished the homework yet.
2. 过去完成时(had+p.p.),表示句中的动词发生在过去之前,即过去的过去,已经完成,对过去造成了一定的影响或后果。
(1) They had arrived in Shanghai.
(2) She had played soccer for 3 hours. (3) She hadn’t finished the work yet.
练习:
1. He has stopped (stop)the car outside. 2. She hasn’t been (not be)to Sichuan yet. 3. Have they planned (plan) to stay here?
第二十三讲 动词的用法 1.动词根据功能分为四类: 实意动词(Notional Verb):有实际意义的动词 系动词(Link Verb):起联系作用的动词 助动词(Auxiliary Verb):帮助构成句子成分的动词 情态动词(Model Verb):有情态含义的动词,后接实意动词原形。
(1)动词有数量和时态的变化,时态通常有三大时态:现在、过去和将来时。
(2)根据动作进行的状态可分为:一般时、进行时和完成时 (3)使用动词时通常将(1)和(2)结合,如:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时;现在进行时、过去进行时;现在完成
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时、过去完成时???
He goes to school every day. He went to hospital last night.
动词形态变化总结:
动词原形 单三 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 play plays playing played played have has having had had go goes going went gone
第二十四讲 情态动词(1)can/could/may/might 1. can/could:①“能怎样”,表示“现在/过去”的能力,可用be able to代替;②“可能怎样”,表示客观可能性(can的可能性大);③“可以怎样”,通常用“can/could I”表示请求和允许的语气,could更委婉。
He can/could/is able to swim. 能 He can/could come tomorrow. 可能来
Can/could I stay here? 可以留下吗?
Can he sing an English song? Yes,he can./No,he can’t.
2. may/might:①表示可能性(may的可能性大);②通常用“may/might I”表示请求、允许的语气,might更委婉。 口语中常用的回答: (1)May I smoke here? Yes, please.
No, you can’t/mustn’t.(禁止、不准) (2)He may/might come here by bus. (3)May/might I join you?
Yes, please./No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t.
对may/might I开头的提问,肯定回答时,通常用“Yes, please.”。否定回答时,通常用 “can’t(不能)”,慎用禁止性
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