MSW management for waste minimization in 台湾(5)

TaiwanÕsgovernmenthascontinuedtosetnewpoliciesregardingMSWmanagement.TheseincludeimposingfeesforMSWcollectionandtreatmentafter2000,limitingtheuseofplasticbags,andimplementingkitchen-wasterecy-clingprograms.Theo cialplanistoachievethegoalof‘‘zeroMSW’’by2020.Therearestillagreatmanychal-lengesinthefutureofMSWtreatmentinTaiwan,asspec-i edbelow.

4.1.Plasticbaguserestrictionprogram(Begunin2003)Asameansofpromotingsimplerlivingandgraduallyalteringthethrow-awayconsumerhabitsofthepublic,Tai-wanchosetotryandreducetheuseofplasticshoppingbagsanddisposabledishes.Asustainable-resourceper-spectivepreferswastereductionwherewasteisproduced.Theplasticbagrestrictionprogramhasbeenimple-mentedpursuanttothe‘‘userestriction’’clauseofArticle21oftheWasteDisposalAct.Thisprogramrestrictstheuseofplasticshoppingbagsandplasticdisposabledishesoveranumberofstages.Itreliesprimarilyonincentivesandsecondarilyonsubsidiestoencouragebusinessestointroducereusableshoppingbagsanddishes.

TheprogramÕstargetistoreducetheamountofplasticbagsproducedandconsumedby20,000tonsannually,acurrentusage-ratereductionofapproximately31%,andtoreducetheamountofplastic(includingpolystyrene)dis-

L.-T.Luetal./WasteManagement26(2006)661–667667

posabledishesproducedandconsumedby12,000tonsannually,areductionincurrentusageratesofroughly28%.

4.2.Foodandgardenwasterecycling

Statisticsfor2002showthatoftheaverage18,421tonsofMSWcollecteddailyinTaiwan,foodandgardenwastecomprisesroughly25%,orapproximately4500tons.Atrialfood-andgarden-wasterecyclingprogramwasstartedin2000.With24countiesandcities,and100townshipsparticipatinginthisprogram,bytheendof2003theamountoffoodandgardenwastecollecteddailyhadalreadyreached300tons(accountingfor6.7%oftherecy-clingtonnage).Reuseofthiswasteincludespigfeed(accountingfor68%ofcollectedfoodwaste)andcompo-sting(accountingfor32%).Thisfood-wasterecyclingpro-gramisexpectedtobeimplementedthroughoutallofTaiwanby2004andtheamountoffoodandgardenwasterecycledisforecasttoaccountfor17%ofthetotalwastetonnagecollectedby2020.

4.3.ThegoalofzerowasteforMSW

AsresourceshavebecomescarcerandMSWdisposalcostshavecontinuedtoclimb,Taiwanhasgraduallyturnedtosourcereductionandrecyclingtoreplaceitsfor-mer‘‘end-of-pipe’’wastedisposalmethods.AtpresentTai-wanisaggressivelyformulatingwastereductionandrecycling/reuseprogramstoachieveitsgoalofestablishingazero-wastesociety.

ZerowasteforMSWmeansnomoreland llsfor naldisposalofrawMSWbutratherutilizingmethodsofsourcereductionandresourcerecycling.In1998,MSWcollectedinTaiwanreached8.88milliontons,whilerecy-clablewastecollectedwas0.55milliontons,atotalof9.43milliontons.Takingthese1998 guresasitsstartingpoint,TaiwanaimstoreducethetotalamountofrawMSWby25%by2007,40%by2011,and70%by2020.Waysofachievingthisgoalarerelatedtorecyclingandreuseprograms.5.Conclusion

Thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthefore-goinganalysis.TaiwanexperiencedarapidgrowthinGNPandasteadyincreaseinMSWproductionbeginningin1982.Priorto1989TaiwanÕsMSWmanagementstrat-egyfocusedonwastedisposal.However,thiswasine ec-tiveinrestrainingthemarkedgrowthrateofwasteproduced.In1989,TaiwanbegantopromoteMSWrecy-

clingwithanemphasisonavoidanceandreduction.Asaresultofe ectivemanagement,thegrowthofwastepro-ductionwascontrolled.

Themandatoryparticipationofthepublicinwasterecy-clingwasanimportantfactorinTaiwan.Wehaveseensuc-cessfulresultsofthewastereductionsystemaftertheMSWcollectionsystemwascombinedwiththerecyclingsystembythegovernmentduringthesecond-periodofrecycling(1998–2002).References

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