英语四级(cet-4)之作文专题讲解 - 图文(6)

知识模块32：书信作文攻坚实战 导言:

书信在近年的四级考试中出现频率不高，但却是一种很重要的应用文体，考生在冲刺阶段仍需要加强练习写各种书信。一般来说，书信的写作格式大致相同。书信是重要的交际工具，通常分为私人信函和公务信函两大类。常见的书信类型包括建议信、投诉/批评/抱怨信、申请信、道歉信、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、推荐信等。 一、书信的格式 1. 称呼

称呼是书信的开头部分，一般用dear开头，注意头衔的使用。书信写作的称呼语大致分为两种情况：

2. 正文

正文是书信中最重要的内容，也是得分的关键。书信一般有三点提纲，即三个内容要点。因此，考生应严格按照大纲要求写成三点式文章。 3. 落款

1) 结尾客套是表示礼节的套语，第一个字母要大写，后面要加逗号，通常可以用―Yours sincerely，‖。 2) 书信最后一部分是签名，按照题目要求写落款,切勿写上自己的真实姓名。 二、三段写作方法详解

由于书信的正文部分一般有三点提纲，即三个内容要点，顺序不能打乱。要想做到条理清晰，简洁准确，考生在写正文的时候，可以采用三段写作方法，三段内容框架如下： 第一段：说明背景，道明来意 第二段：根据题目，罗列信息 第三段：重申来意，适度寒暄

（一）第一段：说明背景，道明来意

道明来意，即，首先需要阐明写信的目的，其目的会根据书信类型的不同而不同，书信的类型非常之多，根据历年真题中书信的考查类型，归纳了以下几种重点书信的写信目的的常用句式。 1. 建议信

（1） I am writing this letter to raise some suggestions for improving…

（2） You have asked me for my advice with regard to…, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here. 2. 投诉/批评/抱怨信

（1） I am写信人的身份.I venture to write you a letter concerning投诉/批评/抱怨的内容. （2） I very much regret to have to inform you that… 3. 申请信

（1） I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of…

（2） The requirement outlined in your ad. …for职位appears to mesh almost exactly with my own.

（3） I am very interested in going abroad to obtain an advanced degree in the field of… 4. 道歉信

（1） I am writing to apologize for the fact that…

（2） I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble… 5. 感谢信

（1） I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for…

（2） I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for… 6. 祝贺信

（1） I offer you my warmest congratulations on your… （2） I am so happy to hear that… 7. 邀请信

（1） I am writing on behalf of…to invite you to… 8. 推荐信

（1） It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you…

（2） With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend…as an ideal candidate.

说明背景，即，简述书信写作的相关背景信息，每一类信件则需要结合Directions当中的具体要求展开。

例：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an apology letter to your teacher. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

1.你在截止日期前未提交作业 2.向任课老师写信道歉，并给出合理解释3.做出承诺

本例题中的背景信息是―Directions当中的1.你在截止日期前未提交作业‖，所以，考生在描述第一段中背景信息时可以直接汉译英，并且本例题的写作目的要求写一封道歉信，所以可以把第一段描述为：

I am writing to apologize for the fact that I failed to hand in the homework of your writing class on time yesterday. I am writing to apologize for the fact that…是之前提供给考生的常用句式，然后添加背景信息。 （二）第二段：根据题目，罗列信息

依据题目要求和叙述，给出建议、投诉/批评/抱怨、申请、道歉、感谢、祝贺、邀请、推荐的具体内容。

此外，由于考生在考场上会感觉无从下手，所以，对这几类重点书信又进行了分类，可以归为3类，分别为建议和投诉/批评/抱怨信，申请和推荐信，道歉、感谢、祝贺和邀请信。每一类的相关素材如下， 1.建议和投诉/批评/抱怨信(第二段描述建议和投诉/批评/抱怨的原因) （1） The noise disturbs my sleep so that I can not concentrate during the work time, and as a result, I have made several mistakes these days.

（2） For me this environment is very difficult to make studies and I need a quiet room. 2.申请和推荐信(第二段可以展示个人能力、经历及求职动机)

（1） I am now studying at…and will soon be graduated as a/an…major. Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I have developed a special interest in…

（2） Upon graduation, I first worked as…The following job was…and currently I am working for…I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of…

（3） Born in+地点+in+年份 I graduated from…University majoring in…I have been working in…since my graduation, and I have therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field. It seems to me that this experience, together with my education, has given me preparation to assume the role of…in a firm such as yours. 3.道歉、感谢、祝贺、邀请信(第二段说明相关的具体情况) （1）The reason is that…

（2）Would you mind if I change the appointment time? （3）Would it be convenient for you…?

（4）Thank you very much for the gift you sent me. It is one of the most wonderful gifts I got on my birthday. （5）Congratulations on a job well done, and good luck to you during the next four years of university.

（6）Will you and Mrs. Smith give the pleasure of dining with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday, October 10th, at eight o'clock?

最后，结合前面例题，做进一步的阐释。该例题要求写一封道歉信，道歉的具体内容见―Directions中的2. 向任课老师写信道歉，并给出合理解释‖，所以第二段需要考生进行思路拓展，详细说明在截止日期前未提交作业的原因或者理由（可信的理由，而不是随便应付老师的借口），例如，可以是―经历了忙

碌的一天，太累了以致没能按时提交作业‖，或者是―生病住院了以致没能按时提交作业‖。此处选取前一种理由，具体英文表述如下，

The day before yesterday, the photography association held a field trip to Suzhou to take pictures for the coming photography competition. As the president of the association, I had to be in charge of the whole activity as well as taking care of our members. It was 1 o'clock a.m. when I got home. Having a very tight schedule the whole day, I felt so tired that I felt asleep once I arrived home, failing to finish the homework.

经历了忙碌的一天，可以表达为―Having a very tight schedule…‖，并且在上文中，是分词短语作状语，表示原因，也是写作当中的亮点表达。

（三）第三段：重申来意，适度寒暄

再次表明观点，结束书信的主题段落，适度寒暄之词。一般，第三段可以概括为以下4种类型，具体如下， 1.发出请求

（1） Please give this matter your immediate attention.

（2） I would very much appreciate it if … as soon as possible. 2.提供帮助

（1） I hope these … will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.

（2） …will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you. 3.再次表示歉意或感激

（1） Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always. （2） In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience caused. 4.期盼回信

（1） I look forward to your prompt response.

（2） I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to the first letter.

此处，仍然可以结合前面的例题对第三段进行进一步的阐释，例题的―Directions中的3.做出承诺‖，即，对第三段提出了具体要求，所以，首先需要说明对错误的认识并且做出相应的承诺，然后结合第三段概括的4大类型，分析判定属于哪一类，此处可以归为第4大类型，期盼回信。第三段的具体英文表述如下：

I know I should balance work and study well. I would never let this happen again and I will hand in my homework as soon as possible. I look forward to your prompt response. Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本题要求考生结合话题―A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus‖进行写作，字数要求至少120词。这次作文的话题是给学校的校长写一封信，书信的内容是关于本校食堂的情况，可涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等。写作目的可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。考生在写作时要注意以下两点：1. 需要确定自身的立场，然后根据立场选择相对应的书信类型；2. 根据提纲所提供的信息点进行具体展开。 二、高分范文 Dear Mr. President,

I am Li Ming, a junior majoring in International Trade in this university. I venture to write you a letter concerning the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to many complaints among students.

The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. For one thing, the rice is hard, the steamed bread is usually sold cold

and vegetables are often overcooked. For another, the prices of the food are surprisingly high. Honestly speaking, the dining environment having been improved since last year, there is still not enough space and seats for us to have our meals there. Besides, the attitude of the canteen staff is not hospitable at all.

All in all, there is still much room for the improvement. I do hope we will not suffer another year. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. I look forward to your prompt response. Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

三、范文点评

本篇高分作文是一封投诉信，主题突出，结构清晰。第一段开门见山表明写信目的并进行自我介绍；第二段罗列了对食堂哪些方面的不满，分别从食堂饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务入手；第三段表达本人的意愿，食堂还有很大的改进空间。当然，文章的作者很擅长逻辑关系词的运用，尤其是第二段的层次非常清晰，The focus of the complaint is…For one thing,…For another,…Honestly speaking,…Besides,…。同时，该文章中两个亮点句子:①I venture to write you a letter concerning the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to many complaints among students.②Honestly speaking, the dining environment having been improved since last year, there is still not enough space and seats for us to have our meals there.第二个亮点句子是分词作状语，表示转折。 Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an application letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

假设你是李明，化学系的一名大二学生。请你就申请助学贷款一事给学校有关部门写封申请信。申请信的内容包括以下几点：

1. 提出申请2. 申请的理由3. 恳请批准 【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本题要求考生写一封申请信，字数要求至少120词。书信是关于申请助学贷款，并且需要包含三部分内容，分别为提出申请、申请的理由以及恳请批准。考生在写作时需要注意以下两点：1. 此书信的写作对象是学校有关部门，结合之前所学的称呼的分类，确定是第一种类型，写给团体、组织或机构的负责人，并且是给不认识的人；2. 申请助学贷款的理由要合理，需要考生进行思路拓展，发散思维。 二、高分范文

To Whom It May Concern,

I am writing to apply for a student loan. As a sophomore from the Chemistry Department, I have much financial difficulty in continuing my study.

My father is the only breadwinner, while my mother was laid off two years ago. My grandmother has been suffering illness for many years. My younger brother is now studying in a high school. To support the study of my brother and me, my family has witnessed a sharp increase in the debt to an unbearable amount of ￥130,000 in the past two years. I took part-time jobs during the summer vacation, but what I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees. In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a student loan.

If my request is granted, I will make good use of the money and put my mind to study. I will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements. I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to the first letter. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

三、范文点评

本篇高分作文是一封申请信，正文遵循了―三段写作方法‖，并且该文章主题突出，结构清晰。第一段开门见山表明写作目的——申请助学贷款（apply for a student loan），简述背景信息——申请的原因是家境困难（have much financial difficulty in continuing my study）。第二段具体阐述申请助学贷款的理由，分析了家庭的收支情况，给人真实可信的印象。尤其，本段中的货币符号和数字很容易吸引阅卷老师的眼球，同时witness，a sharp increase，an unbearable amount of等亮点词以及短语的使用，无疑增加了文章的得分点。第三段表明自己会充分利用助学贷款以及按照要求偿还贷款的决心，最后，适度寒暄，以示礼貌，采用句子为I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to the first letter.

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