英语四级(cet-4)之作文专题讲解 - 图文(5)

2.College students taking part-time jobs may enjoy a more exciting lifestyle as they can meet people from all walks of life and develop a sense of responsibility which cannot be learned in the classroom.

3.It depends on how you deal with the relationship between working and learning.

下图为2005年某高校大学生使用不同方式进行交流的情况。要求以―Means of Communication of College Students‖为题写一篇至少120词的作文，文中需包含以下内容： 1.描述图表

2.阐述不同方式的优缺点 3.你主要使用那种方式

123逆时针

【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本习题属于与大学生课余生活息息相关的一类主题----―大学生不同的沟通方式‖，要求至少120词。这幅图表属于饼状图（pie chart），饼状图的三部分分别是写信、电话和电子邮件所占的比例。在这三种沟通方式中，电话沟通所占的比值最大，书信所占的比值最少，这两部分肯定是要描述的。另外，本篇作文的一个特别之处在于中间段不仅要说明这种原因，而且要说明不同方式的优缺点，这样的描写会要求中间段素材更丰富一些。 二、高分范文

As can be seen in the chart, college students used various means of communications in 2005.On the top of the three main means of communication is phone-cell, which takes up something like 50%. Of the least proportion is, not surprisingly, letter writing, which occupies a little more than 15%.

Some reasons must be lying behind this situation. To begin with, it is not strange that students prefer to contact each other by phone–call, as it is rather fast, convenient and above all, direct. However, it is by far the most luxurious means of communication. What’s more, when it comes to communicating by E-mail, some students claim that it is also convenient and efficient. But as far as intimacy is concerned, e-mail fails to fulfill this goal. Last but not least, although letter-writing is a traditional way of communication, people barely have much time to waste in writing a letter, as it usually takes at least several days to react to other's contact.

For the disadvantages of phone-call, I still prefer it to other means of communication, because hearing what your lover, your friend, your family say makes you feel intimate and warm. 三、范文点评

就文章结构而言，本高分范文遵循了―三段论‖的写作方法，该文章主题突出，结构清晰。第一段描述了饼状图的构成，并且抓住了最大的比例―手机沟通‖和最小比例―写信沟通‖。第二段主要进行了各种沟通方式的利弊分析，作者主要从价格、方便程度和亲密度三方面着手，运用一些连接词或短语，把原来散乱的语言有机地结合起来，比如：when it comes to，as far as…is concerned等等。就语言表达而言，本篇文章也不落俗套。 亮点表达：

1. surprisingly 令人惊讶地 2. by far 到目前为止

3. luxurious 奢华的，奢侈的

4. convenient and efficient 方便的，快捷的

5. fulfill this goal 实现目标 6. traditional 传统的，惯例的 亮点句：

1. .... it is not strange that students prefer to contact each other by phone –call, as it is rather fast, convenient and above all, direct.

2. When it comes to communicating by E-mail, some students claim that it is also convenient and efficient.

提纲式文字命题作文，这类文章大多在命题人给出写作题目的同时，对作文正文内容分别给予提示。提纲可能是两句、三句或四句，提纲可能是英语或汉语。但就最近几年大学英语四级试题中所出现的此类作文来看，汉语提纲居多。这种类型的作文要求考生根据不同内容的提示分别写出不同的主题句作为段首句。

命题作文按照论述内容可以分为：分析原因类、分析利弊类、分析影响（危害）类、问题解决类。 一、写作方法解析

命题作文一般要求学生写三段，首段要求考生描述某种社会现象或问题，清晰阐述自己的观点和态度；第二段要求考生结合社会现实，分析出现此现象或问题的原因、优缺点或者影响；第三段要求考生重申文章主题，并提出合理建议或解决措施。

以下面考题为例，详细讲解三段写作方法。 知识模块31：命题作文攻坚实战

（一）第一段：合理引用，表明论点

第一段对高分起到了关键的作用，考生要非常重视第一段的写作。写第一段时考生务必要围绕主题阐述两点内容：①阐述现象的具体表现或者存在的问题；②清晰阐述观点或态度。只要能够准确阐述以上两点内容，就能用文章首段抓住阅卷老师的眼球，为作文高分做好铺垫。 【第一段范例】

①There is a widespread humorous saying that，―Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I’ve done it hundreds of times.‖ ②Funny as it is, the saying ironically reflects the fact ③that a strong will is the most essential quality for anyone ④who wants to achieve success. 【精彩点评】

①句为there be 句型：开门见山，引出幽默话语

②③④句分别是倒装的让步状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句：评述幽默的话，指出其所反映的意义。 （二）第二段：联系现实，论证主题

第二段是文章第一段引出主题后的延伸和发展，是文章的主体段落，必须紧扣主题，选用相关事实和细节进行详细解释和论证。它的篇幅通常比首段和结尾段长。第二段首句，考生应结合现实情况，阐述主题相关的利弊或影响；其次，依次详细分析列举2-3点优（缺）点或原因或影响。第二段的写作过程中，考生应注重起承转合的关联词的使用。 【第二段范例】

Our life involves all kinds of obstacles and setbacks which may exhaust us and knock us down. ⑤Therefore, we must have a strong will to meet the challenge of them. ⑥And what’s more, there are many temptations waiting for us when we are striving for success. ⑦For example, when you are doing your utmost to get rid of computer games, your friends just concentrate on the

games with great satisfaction. Then how can you resist such terrible temptation? Obviously, ⑧only with a strong will can you conquer yourself and realize your goals. 精彩点评】

⑤⑥使用过渡性短语，结构清晰； ⑦举例论证，说服力强；

⑧使用倒装句式（only+状语位于句首），强调坚强意志的重要性。 （三）第三段：重申主题，提出建议

第三段为文章的结尾段，与第一段和第二段同等重要，甚至更为重要。为了使第三段和前两段结合成一个有机整体，考生有必要在第三段开头采取短语来总结前面所说内容，再次表明态度或观点，表达看法或者提出解决问题的措施或合理建议。

【第三段范例】

⑨All in all, success only belongs to those who can suffer long years of patient toil and constant efforts. ⑩just as the old popular saying goes, ―Where there is a will, there is a way.‖ 【精彩点评】

⑨借助总结性短语，总结全文； ⑩借助谚语总结全文，呼应开头。 【加分亮点】

widespread 普遍的，广泛的 ironically 讽刺地 achieve success 取得成功 strive for 为……而奋斗

do one's utmost to 尽力去做某事 get rid of 摆脱 concentrate on 集中注意力于…… realize your goals 实现目标 patient toil and constant efforts 耐心的工作和不断的努力

亮点句①Funny as it is, the saying ironically reflects the fact that ...

亮点句②only with a strong will can you conquer yourself and realize your goals. 二、真题解析

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your essay on the outline given below: 1. 怎样理解―熟能生巧‖？2. 例如：在英语学习中……3. 又如…… 【审题谋篇】本作文题目要求考生结合一句英文谚语的话展开标题为―Practice Makes Perfect‖写作，字数要求不得少于120词。该作文的话题为熟与巧之间的关系。写作时，考生应将写作重点放在论证熟对于巧至关重要。另外，写作时要特别注意以下两点：一，本题要求根据材料来分析问题，因此要在评论谚语的基础上对观点进行论证；二，既要言简意赅，又要按照提纲用两个具体事例充分论证观点，注意词数限制，不能低于120词。 【高分范文】

Practice Makes Perfect

①As we all know, practice makes perfect.②This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied to our daily life. ③It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.

④A good case in point is the study of English. ⑤Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example. He seldom spends time learning English. As a result, his English is very poor and he begins to hate English now. ⑥On the contrary, I'm very interested in learning English and I spend more than five hours each day practicing English.

So the natural consequence is that now I have a good command of the language and my interest in it has grown more intense. ⑦The principle can equally apply to driving a car.

⑧A lesson that we can draw from the above examples is obvious. ⑨Practice is crucial to our success not only in study, but also in our future work. ⑩All in all, practice will make a difference between success and failure. 【范文点评】 （1）文章结构

本高分范文遵循了―三段论‖的写作方法进行写作。该文章结构清晰，中心突出，言简意赅。第一段开门见山，直接评述谚语并引出话题（熟能生巧）；第二段通过举例（我和小王）对比论证熟对于巧的重要性；第三段总结收尾，再次点明主题（practice will make a difference between success and failure. ）。

（2）文章内容

本高分范文中①开门见山，引出谚语，②③直接点明中心；④引出第二段论据，证明―熟能生巧‖的论点；⑤⑥采用Xiao Wang和我的事例对比论证熟对巧的重要性；⑦用开车这件事说明熟能生巧同样适应。⑧重复总结第二段事例的内容； ⑨总结说明熟对我们学习和未来工作的重要性⑩借助总结性短语，点明文章中心（熟练对于成功的重要性）。 （3）语言表达

accumulated 累积的；累计的；inherit from 从……继承……；从……得到…… apply to 适用于；应用于

consequence 结果；重要性；推论 intense 强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的 draw from 从……中得到；从……提取 crucial 重要的；决定性的；make a difference 有影响，有关系

亮点句①It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.

亮点句②So the natural consequence is that I have a good command of the language and my interest in it has grown more intense. 亮点句③All in all, practice will make a difference between success and failure. Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Diligence Helps to Achieve Success by commenting on the famous saying, \words . 【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本习题要求考生结合一句英文谚语的话展开，标题为―Diligence Helps to Achieve Success‖，字数要求在120-180之间。这次作文的话题为成功与勤奋之间的关系。写作时，考生应将写作重点放在论证成功与勤奋的关系上，即勤奋对于取得成功至关重要。另外，写作时要特别注意以下两点：一，本题要求根据材料来分析问题，因此要在评论谚语的基础上对观点进行论证；二，既要言简意赅，又要充分论证观点，注意词数限制，不能超过180词。 二、高分范文

Diligence Helps to Achieve Success

①As the famous saying goes, \②If one intends to succeed, he must spare no efforts to strive for his goal with diligence.

③Diligence plays a very important role in one’s success. ④As far as we know, at the age of 19 months, Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing, which is a big obstacle to learning. ⑤However, instead of bending to her physical disability, she was hardworking and diligent in learning everything. ⑥As a result, she became a well-known writer and educator in the nineteenth century who has acquired a large stock of knowledge and mastered English, French, German, Latin as well as Greek. ⑦Some people saw wonderful dialogues in David Copperfield and realistic description of the social background in Tales of Two Cities. ⑧How did Dickens achieve this? It is due to his diligence.

⑨In conclusion, diligence is not only a positive approach towards life but also the most reliable way to guide us toward success. ⑩Diligence is a key to success. 三、范文点评 （1）文章结构

就文章结构而言，本高分范文遵循了―三段论‖的写作方法，该文章主题突出，结构清晰。第一段开门见山，直接评述谚语并引出话题（如果一个人想要成功，他必须全力以赴争取自己的奋斗目标）；第二段通过举例（ Helen Keller，Dickens）论证勤奋的重要性；第三段总结收尾，再次点明主题（Diligence is a key to success）。 （2）文章内容

就文章内容而言，本高分范文①开门见山，引出谚语，②条件状语从句直接点明中心；③为第二段的中心句，指出勤奋在个人成功中的重要性；④⑤⑥采用过渡性短语，结构清晰，用Helen Keller的事例说明勤奋的重要性；⑦⑧采用问句的形式，语气强烈，用Dickens 的事例再次说明勤奋的重要性。⑨借助总结性短语，总结勤奋的重要性；⑩一句话点明文章中心（勤奋是通往成功的钥匙）。 （3）亮点词句

spare no efforts to 不遗余力做…… strive for 尽力去…… play a very important role 扮演一个很重要的角色 lose sight and hearing 失明失聪 bend to 屈服于 acquire a large stock of knowledge 学到大量知识

approach 方法；途径 due to 归因于，归功于

亮点句①If one intends to succeed, he must spare no efforts to strive for his goal with diligence.

亮点句②In conclusion, diligence is not only a positive approach towards life but also the most reliable way to guide us toward success. Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble by commenting on the famous saying, \is not all roses, and all of us will need someone else’s help to deal with problems that we may encounter in our life\1. 有人遇到困难时向同学、朋友求助 2. 有人则向老师、家长求助 3. 以你自己为例 【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本习题要求考生结合一句英文谚语的话展开，标题为―Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble‖，字数要求在120-180之间。这次作文的话题为危难时刻你会向谁求助。写作时，考生应将写作重点放在危难时刻不同人不同的求助对象。另外，写作时要特别注意以下两点：一，本题要求根据谚语引出危难时刻不同人的不同求助对象；二，既要言简意赅，又要详细说明考生自己的求助方式和对象。 二、高分范文

Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble?

①Just as the saying goes, life is not all roses, and all of us will need someone else’s help to deal with problems that we may encounter in our life. ②Here comes the question: whom will you turn to for help? ③Some say they will ask their classmates or friends for help, because they are peers, thus they can understand each other easily.

④However, others have different choices when in trouble. ⑤They are inclined to tell their teachers and parents the difficulties they are faced with. ⑥In their opinion, teachers and parents, who are much older than them, can give them a hand with their rich experience.

⑦As for me, close friends are always the people who come to my mind firstly when I am intrigued by something that cannot be solved by myself. ⑧If we cannot figure out a solution by our joint effort, I will go to my teachers or parents for help. ⑨With their suggestions or instructions, I can finally find the best way to cope with my troubles. 三、范文点评 (1)文章结构

就文章结构而言，本高分范文遵循了―三段论‖的写作方法，该文章主题突出，结构清晰。第一段开门见山，直接评述谚语并引出话题：第一种人的求助对象为同学朋友；第二段通过转折引出第二种人的求助对象为老师家长；第三段详细描述自己的求助对象，点明主题。 (2)文章内容

就文章内容而言，本高分范文①开门见山，引出谚语，②采用问句直接点明中心；③引出话题：第一种人的求助对象为同学朋友；④转折引出另外一种人的选择；⑤⑥引出话题：第二种人的求助对象为老师家长；⑦⑧⑨详细描述自己在遇到困难时的求助对象和方法。 (3)亮点词句

deal with/cope with 处理…… encounter 相遇，碰见; be inclined to do sth. 想要干……,倾向于干…… give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助 intrigue 用诡计取得；激起……的兴趣figure out 计算出，解决；弄明白；合计 joint effort 共同努力 instruction 授课；教诲；传授的或获得的知识，课程

亮点句① In their opinion, teachers and parents, who are much older than them, can give them a hand with their rich experience.

亮点句② As for me, close friends are always the people who come to my mind firstly when I am intrigued by something that cannot be solved by myself.

亮点句③With their suggestions or instructions, I can finally find the best way to cope with my troubles.

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