英语四级(cet-4)之作文专题讲解 - 图文(3)

Internet，information或media education等。第二句省略号部分需要写入完整的句子，表达的内容是某事物或现象的积极作用。冒号后面可以写名词性质的词、短语，或是完整的句子，说明所说事物或现象的负面影响。第三句话省略号部分需要写入完整的句子，表达的内容是对具体的现象进行举例。 第三段：根据上文进行有效评论

We have to step out of the shadow, but how? The media should promote the awareness of …. Meanwhile, …. Just as what the cartoon connotes, ….

模板使用说明：该模板主要用于提出建议，第一个建议是―意识‖，这是万能的建议措施。Meanwhile后面用完整的句子写出第二个建议，该建议按照具体的话题给出即可。第三句话是对图画主题的再次升华，也可以展望未来。 三、填充素材

以下图为例，运用上面三段模板进行素材填充。同上图 第一段：描述图片，引向主题

Emerging from the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene: seating in a math class, one student asks his teacher a question whether the knowledge they learn now will be outdated when they hunt a job in the future. By this scenario, the cartoonist is warning us that we should never overlook the great fundamental status of basic knowledge and basic skills. 第二段：点明主题，充分拓展

Indeed, we have all stepped into an era of information and technology. Each of us seems to agree that we should learn something practical to keep pace with the advancement of our society, but not everyone has looked at the side-effect: basic skills are completely ignored. In our daily life, it’s not uncommon that some Chinese adults cannot write a character, as is known as ―character amnesia‖ because they always use electronic input systems based on Pinyin. 第三段：根据上文，有效评论

We have to step out of the shadow, but how? The media should promote the awareness of the significance of basic skills. Meanwhile, national atmosphere is needed to encourage people, especially the young, to acquire fundamental skills. Just as what the cartoon connotes, we could be master of the future, but should start from basics. 四、完善修改

一篇作文从审题拓展到布局成文还不算结束，还需要最后一步——完善修改。考生需要通读自己的作文，检查是否有明显的错误，这一步骤会对作文分数再次贡献2-3分。常见的明显错误有以下几类： 1.时态语态错误、2.主谓一致错误、3.代词指代错误、4.句子成分错误、5.标点符号错误

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Failure a Bad Thing? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

1. 失败是常有的事 2. 人们对失败有各种不同的态度 3. 我对失败的态度

知识模块29：写作成文四部曲

第一步：审题拓展

该文题目在directions已经明确给出，即―Is Failure a Bad Thing?‖，这是一个问句，命题人的意图一定是想让给出否定的答案，即Failure is not a bad thing，这句话即为本文的论点。

题目中给出了三个提纲，文章的展开需要对这三个提纲进行细节拓展。

提纲1：用实例说明为什么失败是常有的事，如未能通过考试、被拒绝、未能实现目标等。 提纲2：列举人们对失败的各种不同的态度。可分为两类人，一类乐观，一类悲观。

提纲3：阐明我对失败的态度：失败有益。具体阐释失败如何有益，比如可以从失败中学习经验教训，实现更好的结果。 第二步：段落选择

本文属于观点论证型。文章按照所给的提纲形成三个段落。每个提纲即为所在段落的主题句。本文的段落框架如下： 第一段：Failure is unavoidable in our lives. 例1+例2.

第二段：When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it. Optimistic people believe that …. In contrast, ….

第三段：From my perspective, failure is not necessarily a bad thing. First, …. Moreover, …. 第三步：填充素材

①Failure is unavoidable in our lives. ②It’s a failure not to pass an examination. It’s a failure for us to be refused by others while

asking for help. It’s also a failure to miss our goals. ③In a word, failure is not uncommon to everybody.

④When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it.⑤Optimistic people believe that failure is the mother of success. They regard failure as part of their lives and insist on trying until they succeed. In contrast, once the pessimistic people fail, they feel frustrated and lose confidence. As a result, they give up trying.

⑥From my perspective, failure is not necessarily a bad thing. ⑦First, in my mind, what really counts is not failure itself, but what we can learn from it. Indeed, failure keeps our mind clear and offers pressure and power to persist, so I am not afraid of failure. ⑧Moreover, it is often suggested that if we encounter failure with courage and confidence, success is not far away.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your view on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.有图 【写作成文步骤解析】 第一步：审题拓展

本题属于图画寓意类命题。在漫画中，儿子对爸爸说：―爸爸，我有点担心核废弃物处理 ‖；爸爸回应：―如果你能把这儿的垃圾筐清理了，你能做任何事情‖。

Directions中给出了这幅漫画所寓意的主题为―the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big‖。所以本文的论点句可以表述为：We should start doing small things before undertaking something big.

结合对图画的分析和写作指令，文章的写作思路可进行如下拓展：第一段为图画描述段，先简要描述图画内容，引出文章主题；第二段是主体段，论证图画寓意，阐述做小事的重要性，可引用实例进行论证；第三段为总结段，要对全文进行总结和升华，重申做小事的重要性，并提出倡议。 第二步：段落选择

本文采用三段成文，各段的框架句如下：

第一段：Emerging from the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene: ….By this scenario, the cartoonist is revealing a truth to us that ….

第二段：①This obvious truth can never be overlooked. ②As an old saying goes, +引用名言。③具体阐释名言。④回归现实，与真理相背。⑤举例说明论点。

第三段：①重申主题。②提出倡议。③Just as what the cartoon connotes, …. 第三步：填充素材

Emerging from the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene: a son told his father ―Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste.‖, but his smart father responded to him ―If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.‖ By this scenario, the cartoonist is revealing a truth to us that we should start doing small things before undertaking something big.

This obvious truth can never be overlooked. As an old saying goes, you cannot sweep the world before you sweep your own room. If you do anything small well, you can improve your confidence, and prove that you have your abilities improved. In our society, however, many people dream to succeed overnight. Now consider Warren Buffett, the richest man in the world. He peddled(兜售) chewing gums and orange juice when he was a little kid.

Do you aspire for success? Of course, you do, as everyone does. But, have you finished your work today? Have you reached your goal today? Stop imagining or worrying and just do it now. Just as what the cartoon connotes, making a big splash (引申为：取得成功) must start from doing small things. 知识模块29：图画作文攻坚实战

图画作文类似于小学语文中学习的―看图说话‖，要求考生能够对图画做出描述并归纳出其寓意。具体写作方法如下： 一、图画作文段落框架

第一段：描述图片，引向主题。

本段是图画描述段，描述图画内容是为揭示图画寓意服务的，是手段和方式而不是目的，所以描述要简洁明了，通常1-2句话就足够了。特别提醒考生的是，虽然写作的Directions部分已经给出大致的主题，但是还是要求考生要对图画进行简要的描述，考生千万不能抛开图画内容直接展开讨论。 第二段：点明主题，充分拓展。

这段是文章的主体段，也是作文达到字数要求的关键所在。写作中，考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理，要有深意，写透彻，

避免泛泛而谈。考生可以从2-3个方面对观点展开讨论，可以举出事

实论据或是通过类比讲述一个抽象的人生哲理，也可以举出数字或是名言论据来证明观点。本段应注意关联词的使用和句式的变化，使论证更加有逻辑性，也使段落更加丰满。 第三段：根据上文，有效评论。

本段需指出图画的现实教育意义，或提出解决问题的方法或是建议。考生需要注意的是，本段并不一定需要实质性的分析，而需要对文章进行总结和升华，使文章结构更加完整，主题更加突出，所以结尾段写作应简明扼要，点到为止，切忌漫谈或是抛出其他主题。 二、各段具体写作表达

以2013年12月四级考试真题为例对具体写作方法进行详解。有图 （一）第一段：描述图片，引向主题 1. 写作方法

2. 句式升级： 第一句句式升级：

(a)Emerging from the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene…

(b)Under the amusing appearance of the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene that … (c)Depicted in the cartoon is a thought-provoking scene that…

(d)A thought-provoking scene, as is portrayed in the cartoon, is that … 第二句句式升级：

(a)The cartoonist aims to tell us that ….

(b)The cartoonist uses this metaphor to inform us that…. (c)The cartoon mirrors a social phenomenon / crisis that …

(d)The cartoon reveals / displays / unveils / exhibits a social phenomenon that … (e)A social phenomenon is echoed by the cartoon that … （二）第二段：点明主题，充分拓展。 1.写作方法：

知识模块29：图画作文攻坚实战

2. 句式升级： 第一句句式升级：

(a) Obviously, we are now in an age of ….

(b) Apparently, we are surrounded by …in recent years. (c) We are facing a social texture characterized by …

(d) Currently, we are enjoying the conveniences brought by … (e) So far, the society has a marked characteristic of … 展开句句式升级：

(a)Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, …. On the other hand, ….

(b)Views are different as to whether this is completely beneficial to us. Some hold that …, while others argue that …. （三）第三段：根据上文，有效评论。 1.写作方法：

2. 句式升级： 过渡句句式升级：

(a)We must ward off the harm of …, but how?

(b)We should not easily let go off the harm of …and take action to put it right. (c)Any solutions? Why not follow these steps?

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【解析】

一、审题谋篇

本题属于图画寓意类命题。题目中的图画反映了一个社会现象。在漫画中，老师把厚厚的一本书交给学生，并对他/她说：―Just think of it as if you’re reading a long text-message ‖。结合题目中的写作指令，考生可总结出这幅图画反映的社会现象：随着新的电子媒体的出现，文学阅读日渐甚微。而图画的寓意正是：文学阅读是重要的，所以论述的重点应是the importance of literature.

结合对图画的分析和写作指令，文章的写作思路总结如下：第一段为图画描述段，先简要描述图画内容，引出文章主题；第二段是主体段，论证文章寓意，阐述阅读文学作品的重要性；第三段为总结段，要对全文进行总结和升华，重申阅读文学作品的重要性并提出倡议。 二、高分范文

The Importance of Literature

①Literature is acknowledged as the most precious product of human civilization and wisdom, especially by our teachers. So they always ask their students to read as many as literary works. Just as the drawing shows above, a teacher gives a literary work to her student, saying: ―Just think of it as if you’re reading a long text-message.‖

②It is of great significance for us to appreciate literature due to the following reasons. Firstly, a good literature can get you to know a life experience through the eyes of someone other than you.? ③The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. Secondly, a good literature allows you to learn about history in a personalized way. The stories told in the works can act as mirrors and help you adjust your own behaviors. Lastly, a good literature is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the literature are helpful for one’s mental health.

In short, literature is indispensable in our life.④ ?We, students, should spare more time to read more literatures. 三、范文点评

1. 本文结构完整，重点突出，段落安排合理，字数符合标准。第一段能够清晰描述图画内容，第二段观点合理，论证得当。第三段是总结段，能够简洁明了地再次重申论点。

2. 本文文章内容切题。文字通顺，逻辑清晰，无任何语言错误。

3. 语言表达也有许多可取之处，如文中划横线语句所示，词汇acknowledge：动词，―承认，认可‖； personalized：形容词，―个人化的‖；indispensable：形容词，―不可缺少的‖。句型写作中，第一句采用被动语态；第二句使用了句型It is of +抽象名词，表达准确；第三句使用―the +比较级，the +比较级‖的表达，体现一定的写作水平；最后一句We, students, ...看似简单，其实是一个同位结构的表达，是大学英语学习中的重点。另外，划横线的词也能准确表达出作者的意思，是一篇佳作。

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