A-SMGCS-翻译(1)(2)

2.2 Non Co-operative Sensors

2.2.1 Primary Surface Movement Radar (SMR)

Primary Surface Movement Radar (SMR) remains the most effective way of obtaining information on the position of moving vehicles and aircraft in the whole airport area. It is a basic element for monitoring ground movements. Several frequencies and various techniques have been used, with advantages and disadvantages in all cases.

主要的地面移动雷达(本科)仍然是获取在机场地区移动的车辆和飞机位置信息的最有效的方式。这是一个用于监控地面活动的基本元素。几个频率和各种不同的技术已经被使用,考察其在所有的情况下的优点和缺点。

SMR is an established technology, which, despite technical improvements

remains deficient. There are always areas where detection is not adequate because of masking or propagation difficulties. Also, primary radar is sensitive to variations in the environment: poor detection in case of precipitation, and very poor detection in grassy areas. Progress over the last few years has been made through the use of adapted data processing. 史隆管理评论是一个成熟的科技,虽然仍缺乏技术改进。因为屏蔽或传播的困难，总有地方检测是不够的。同时,因为主要的雷达是在敏感的变化的环境中检测:就像穷人在非常可怜的情况下检测草地降水的情况。在过去的几年里已经通过使用适宜的数据处理得到了进步。

The conversion to digital processing of moving vehicle/aircraft positions has allowed tracking algorithms to be used, generating tracks and configuration criteria permitting detection of small objects, thereby allowing the best detection potential.

将移动车辆/飞机转换到数字处理的立场也允许使用跟踪算法,生成跟踪和配置标准允许检测小对象,从而允许最好的潜在检测存在。

2.2.2 Other Sensors

Other sensors can be used to protect specific areas, to improve coverage in difficult areas, or to control equipment such as stop bars. They can use various technologies: microwave, optical, acoustic, infrared, or magnetic sensors. Some sensors may use artificial intelligence software to recognise types of moving vehicle (for example this is possible with the information from magnetic loops). Sensors using, for example, camera images also have potential. With a visual acuity 10 times higher than that of the human eye, the camera can see situations that can be analysed automatically to

recognise the shape of moving vehicles.

其他传感器可以用于保护特定的地区,来改善在困难的地区的覆盖率,或者来控制设备,例如,停止酒吧。他们可以使用各种技术:微波、光学、声学、红外线、或磁传感器。一些传感器可以用于使用了人工智能软件识别类型的车辆(例如这是可能从磁循环获取信息)。传感器(例如使用的相机图像也有潜力。一个是人眼视觉敏锐度10倍的相机可以根据看到的情况自动分析认识移动汽车的形状。

2.3 Co-Operative Sensors

Co-operative sensors require a transponder (or beacon) to be installed in the moving vehicle or aircraft. Although this is relatively easy for vehicles moving around an airport, it is much more difficult for aircraft, which are subject to international legislation and standardisation.

合作传感器需要一个安装在车辆或飞机上的发射器(或指标)。尽管这对机场周围运动的车辆容易,但对飞机十分困难,因为它受到国际立法和标准化的限制。

2.3.1 Vehicle Equipment

A specific beacon can be placed on vehicles, which transmits or replies to a specific frequency in the UHF or VHF range. The vehicle is then located by triangulation. This also allows the vehicle driver to be warned when entering runway-protected or restricted areas.

一个特定的beacon可以放在汽车,它将接收特定超高频或甚高频范围的频率。这能给予进入runway-protected或限制的区域的汽车司机警告

2.3.2 A/C Transponders

For aircraft, co-operative sensors will normally use the existing equipment such as the Secondary Surveillance Radar transponder (SSR), Mode A or S.

对于飞机，合作传感器则通常会使用现有的设备如次要监视雷达(SSR)应答机。

The Mode A transponder allows aircraft to be identified on the approach path by correlation with the flight plan data. This identification information is used to identify aircraft on landing.

The label is retained as far as the aircraft stand, by using the ground radar tracking processing module.

一个发射器的模式允许飞机通过有关的飞行计划的数据来确定路径相。这一标识信息是用来确定飞机着陆。

通过使用地面雷达跟踪处理模块使标签保留到飞机到站。

However resolution performance of the Mode A transponder is not assured when the aircraft is on the ground (hence they are normally switched off while the aircraft is on the ground).

然而当飞机在地面上时一个发射器的性能模式并不能确定解决(因此他们通常在飞机在地面上时关闭)。

2.3.3 Mode S Multilateration

The transponder's Mode S function has the advantage of being able to work in selective mode, which greatly limits the saturation phenomenon and means it can be used on the ground.

这个雷达的S模式功能的优势在于能够在选择性模式下工作,这就极大地限制了饱和现象,意味着它可以被用在地上。

Among Mode S signals, \(spontaneous asynchronous transmissions) and replies to selective interrogations are best adapted for ground surveillance. Replies to general calls (\call\mode) are to be avoided due to the garbling of signals.

在S模式信号下,“唠叨”(自发的异步传输)和回复选择性的审讯是对地面监视的最佳改编。为了避免garbling的信号，回复通用调用(“呼叫”模式)。

on and processing of squitters give access to the aircraft's Mode S address. Knowledge of this Mode S address enables a selective dialogue to begin. 处理的唠叨能访问了飞机的S模式地址。这种模式的年代知识解决是选择性对话的开始

Rather than deploying the complete Mode S radar, multilateration (MLT) systems are sometimes preferred since they are better adapted to smaller coverage areas, with no vertical extension and sometimes with complex shapes. They provide far more accurate positions of moving vehicles and aircraft.

而不是部署完整的雷达模式年代、multilateration(MLT)系统有时是首选的,因为他们能更好的适应较小的没有垂直扩展和有时通过复杂的形状的覆盖区域,。他们提供了更精确移动的车辆和飞机的位置。

In these triangulation or multilateration systems, the message (squitter) is transmitted every second by the transponder and is received at several

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