外研版八年级下册英语知识语法汇总 - 图文(2)

绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。

例5 (2010重庆中考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon. A.or B.but C.and D.yet

思路解析：本句是―祈使句＋and‖的句型，句意为―努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的‖，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于―祈使句＋or‖，这个句型的含义是―……，不然的话/否则……‖。

绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定。

原创题

There are more and bigger tree-planting programs(项目）than any other country in the world.Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Planting Day in China.Between 1982 and 2004，44 billion trees have been planted on 53.4 million hectares(亩）of land.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.There are many projects(规划） to protect environment.Here are some examples.

● In 2001，Korea offered $6 million for a 5-year project to plant trees，starting with a project to prevent soil erosion（侵蚀）at the Miyun Reservoir in Beijing‘s northern suburbs.

● In 2001 the Japan Bank for International Co-operation put in $ 67.5 million for tree planting projects in Jiangxi Province.They plan to plant 219000 hectares with trees by 2009.

● Nokia started a ―Friendship Forestry‖ project.5000 people across China—employees of Nokia，its partners and customers—planted trees covering 150000 square meters.They plan to continue and extend the project. 根据短文回答问题。

1.When is the Tree Planting Day?

________________________________________.

2.How much money did Korea offer for a 5-year project to plant trees? ________________________________________. 3.What is the name of Nokia‘s project to plant trees? ________________________________________. 4.How many trees were planted in 2004 in China? ________________________________________.

思路解析：1.March 12th. 从―Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Planting Day in China.‖中可以看出答案。

2.It offered $6 million for the project. 由第二段第一句描述可知。 3.Friendship Forestry

4.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.

黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱主要是数字和一些专有名称较多，容易让人觉得文章很难。 绿色通道：做这种题，可以用―地毯式‖搜索的方法，同时注意答题尽量规范和完整。

巧学法园地

学习宾从三注意：时态语序和连词。

时态主从要呼应：

主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；

语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 that连接陈述句，省与不省没关系。 从句若表―是否‖时，if，whether 均可替。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。

Module 3 On the radio

语法·剖析·活用

动词不定式和动名词作宾语

在英语中，介词宾语常用动名词，不用不定式。而动词宾语，有用动名词，有时用不定式，用动名词和不定式意义变化不大，有时意义却相差甚远。

有的动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，如：enjoy，mind，miss，finish，practice，suggest，feel like等。

I enjoy playing basketball with you.我喜欢和你打篮球。

有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，如：ask，agree，decide，happen，hope，plan，promise，would like，want等。

She promised to return in an hour.她答应一小时后回来。

有的动词后面可以接两种形式作宾语，表达的意思有的差别不大，有的差别很大，要根据具体情况区别对待。

We should continue learning(to learn).我们应当继续学习。（差别不大） I remember telling him the news.我记得告诉过他这个消息了。(已告诉) Please remember to tell him the news.记得告诉他这个消息。（未告诉） 常见的意义差别较大的词：

1）remember，forget，regret等接动名词表示动作已经发生，接不定式表示动作尚未发生。 2）stop doing 表示―停止做某事‖，stop to do表示―停止(某事)开始做另一件事‖。 3）try doing 试着做，try to do 设法、尽力做某事。

4）like，hate，prefer等词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或具体某次行动，用不定式时多。 【活学活用】 翻译句子

1）他停止吸烟了。________________________________________ 答案：He stopped smoking.

2）我想要去长城。________________________________________ 答案：I want to go to the Great Wall.

3）我许诺要帮他。________________________________________ 答案：I promised to help him.

4）让我试着读读它吧。________________________________________ 答案：Let me try reading it.

5）我记得把信都寄出去了。________________________________________ 答案：I remember posting the letters.

典题精讲 经典例题

假设你所在的学校要出一期英语壁报，你准备就自己经历的一件事写一篇英语短文向壁报投稿。下面五幅图记录了你上个星期六与老师和同学们到南河边参加植树活动的全过程，请你就以下五幅图写一篇英文短文。

注意：1.短文内容要包括所有图画中的主要内容。 2.词数：70~90

3.生词提示：桶bucket；锄头hoe 参考答案：

Last Friday，our teacher told us that we would go to plant trees by the South River the next day.On Saturday morning I got up at six thirty and went to school with a bucket.My classmates were waiting at the school gate with buckets and hoes.

When we got to the South River，we began to plant trees on the river bank.On the river bank some students were digging holes，and the others were planting or watering the young trees.

After we finished our work，we were happy to see the young trees we planted on the river bank.

思路解析：看图要首先确定内容要点：①上星期五老师告诉我们―明天去南河边植树‖；②上星期六（第二天）早上六点半我就起床了；③我带着桶去学校，同学们带着桶、锄头在校门口等待；④到南河边，我们开始植树（也可描写劳动场面）；⑤看着新种下的树，我们都很高兴。

黑色陷阱：注意本文让描述经历过的一件事，所以要用过去时态来陈述整个事件。

绿色通道：做看图作文，注意一定要分析好题意，不要跑题，然后确定时态，最后再落笔成文。注意书写过程中要力求规范，不要涂抹。

原创题

阅读理解

The first newspaper in the USA came out in 1690，and was made in Boston and called Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.It was stopped after a short time.The first lasting newspaper also came from Boston，and was called simply Boston Newsletter.It was published(出版）from 1704 to 1722.The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started in 1721.By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.

In 1835，James Gordon Bennet started The New York Herald which was America‘s first modern newspaper.This was followed six years later by Horace Greeley‘s New York Tribune, which was the first American newspaper with national influence rather than just local.The New Times followed in 1851.

1.What‘s the name of America‘s first modern newspaper? A.Boston Newsletter. B.The New Times.

C.The New York Herald.

D.Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.

2.When was the first real newspaper start? A.1690. B.1835. C.1721. D.1851. 3.Which newspaper has national influence rather than just local? A.Boston Newsletter. B.New York Tribune. C.The New York Herald.

D. Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic. 4.When was New York Tribune published? A.1783. B.1801. C.1835. D.1841. 5.How many newspapers were there by 1801? A.43. B.200. C.6. D.18.

思路解析：1.C 由第二段第一句话可以看出答案是?The New York Herald。?

2.C 从―The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started in 1721‖可以看出第一份真正意义上的报纸出版于1721。

3.B 从倒数第二句可以看出在全国有影响的是New York Tribune。

4.D 从文中可以看出New York Tribune在The New York Herald出版六年后出版的，所以应该是1835 年加上六年，答案是D。

5.B 从第一段末句―By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.‖可以看出，在美国到1783年只有43种报纸，到1801 年，大约有200 种了。

黑色陷阱：本题陷阱有两个，一是第4题，问New York Tribune出版的时间，要计算才能得出结果；二是第5题，要真正读懂句意，才能得出答案。 绿色通道：做阅读理解时，故事性的要通读全文，找出主旨。说明性的则可以用跳读的方法，查找有用信息，为己所用。

巧学法园地

巧记跟动名词作宾语的动词

英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段常见的有：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,practice等。这些词句可按下面的顺口溜记忆： 完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,be worth,be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on,be used to,give up）

考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can‘t help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind） 举例：

Would you mind opening the door?你介意把门打开吗？ When we heard news,we couldn‘t help laughing. 当我们听到这个消息时，忍不住大笑起来。

Module 4 New technology

语法·剖析·活用

If 从句（1）

在英语中，表达―如果……‖要用if 引导的条件状语从句。首先看一下它的结构：

―if 从句＋祈使句‖或―祈使句＋if 从句‖。if引导的是一个完整的句子，一定要有主语。如： If you need help，please call me.如果你需要帮助，请给我打电话。

We will go out for a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.如果明天阳光明媚，我们就外出野餐。

【活学活用】 用if连接下面的句子

1）She didn‘t know the way to the station.Ask someone around.

答案：If she didn‘t know the way to the station，ask someone around. 2）You are hungry.Go to the KFC.

答案：If you are hungry，go to the KFC.

3）You don‘t understand the article.Ask your teacher.

答案：If you don‘t understand the article，ask your teacher. 4）You don‘t know the word.Look it up in the dictionary.

答案：If you don‘t know the word，look it up in the dictionary. 5）We get lost.Ask the policeman for help.

答案：If we get lost，ask the policeman for help.

典题精讲 经典例题

(2010辽宁十一市中考)

Do you believe there are aliens(外星人)? Well，make a phone call and you will know.A group of Americans can help.They made a device(装置）to ―talk‖ to aliens.If you want to talk to an alien，you only need to visit，call 1-900-226-0300 and say:―Hello aliens，this is Earth calling.Can you hear me?‖ you can say anything you want.

But now，they only take phone calls from people in the US.The call is $3.99 every minute.After the hotline began in February，www.TalkToAliens.com has got hundreds of calls.There is one call every three minutes.They are also trying to send people‘s e-mails，photos and videos into space.

1.If you live in America and you want to know whether there are any aliens，________. A.you can make a phone call B.you can go to America for help C.you can ask any scientist for help D.you can talk to aliens

2.www.TalkToAliens.com is a place where ________. A.you can get some knowledge about aliens B.you can talk to aliens C.the aliens live

D.you can make a set of device to talk to aliens 3.Which is NOT right?

A.Only from the USA can call 1-900-226-0300.

B.People from any country can call 1-900-226-0300 now.

C.If you call the hotline for two minutes，you should pay $7.98. D.Every three minutes there is someone calling 1-900-226-0300. 4.From this article(文章）we know ________.

A.there is only one call after the hotline began in February B.there are some aliens in the world

C.some Americans are trying to send information about humans into space D.if you pay $2.99 for a minute，you can talk to aliens

思路解析：1.A 文章第一句话以自问自答的方式，告诉了我们如果想要知道有没有外星人

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