托福阅读典型长难句分析120(5)

1和2嵌套

2和3嵌套

1是2的状语，3是2的同位语从句

67．In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century，and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies． (特殊结构much as…and as…——就像…以及…一样)

20年代，爵士乐成为舞蹈音乐中最热门的新事物，正如世纪之交流行的拉格泰姆音乐，以及40年代节奏与布鲁斯，50年代摇滚乐，和70年代迪斯科将会流行一样。

分句1. In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, 分句2. much as ragtime had at the turn of the century

分句3. and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies． 1和2嵌套 2和3并列

2是1的补语。2中包含much as?and as的并列结构。

68．They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775，when everything English came to be frowned upon．

(when引导的定语从句修饰1775；flown upon——对…表示不满)

他们一直做这种被子，直到1775年美国革命来临，当时美国人对英国的任何东西都表示不满。

69．Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else. (特殊结构to the exclusion of 除…的存在)

一片红赤杨树紧紧长在一起，枝叶共同编织出一个厚密的树顶，它们能够完全占领一个地方，以致排除几乎任何其他东西的生长。

分句1. Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches 分句2. a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else. 1和2嵌套

1是现在分词独立成分，做句子的状语。

70．In taking up a new life across the Atlantic，the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life． (介词提前的定语从句：with which…，其中which指前面的diversions)

在越过大西洋开始新生活后，美国早期的欧洲移民并没有抛弃他们的祖先传统上借以解闷的消遣。 分句1. In taking up a new life across the Atlantic，

分句2. the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions 分句3. with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life 1和2嵌套

2和3嵌套

1是2的状语，3是修饰 diversions的定语从句，relieve with的搭配中介词with提前。

71． Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose. (Farm dwellers…not only found it harder to…，but also…felt it necessary to…为句子主干)

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单独居住的农场居民不仅发现在娱乐中很难找到伴侣，而且，由于来自工作的无休止的要求和压力，他们觉得必须把实用目的与乐趣结合起来。

分句1. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play 分句2. but also felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.

分句3. thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, 1和2并列

2和3嵌套

1和2是not only? but also的并列；2是3的原因状语，2省略主语Farm dwellers

72．The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist. (特殊结构as…as——像…一样…)

对像意识这样个人化的经历的科学研究令人沮丧，它远非实验心理学家通常的研究工具所能胜任。 分句1. The scientific investigation is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist. 分句2. of an experience as private as consciousness 1和2嵌套

2的of结构是1主语scientific investigation的定语。

73．Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets．

(倒装句：Among the species of seabirds…are…=…are among the species of seabirds…)

夏天在加拿大大西洋沿岸迎风的悬崖上交配、产卵并抚育后代的海鸟中有普通海鸦、大西洋海鹦、黑脚三趾鸥和北部塘鹅。

分句1. Among the species of seabirds are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets．

分句2. use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young

1和2嵌套

1是倒装结构，正常的句子顺序是：Common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets are among the species of seabirds. 主宾颠倒，是因为宾语seabirds后边跟着一个定语从句2.

74．The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks，and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. (The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from…and from为句子主干)

在悬崖上筑巢的一大优势是可以避开不能攀登峭壁的狐狸和很难在窄峭的突出岩石上立足来偷鸟卵的渡鸦和其他鸥类。

分句1. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, 分句2. which cannot scale the sheer rocks

分句3. and from ravens and other species of gulls,

分句4. which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. 1和3并列 1和2嵌套 3和4嵌套

1中省略which；3中省略it gives。2是1的定语从句；4是3的定语从句

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75．Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·

(that引导的从句作ideology的同位语)

他们的这种不信任部分是由一种全民性的思想意识引起的，这种意识宣称耕作是最伟大的职业，乡村生活优于城市生活。

分句1. Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology

分句2. that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living· 1和2嵌套

2是1中a national ideology的同位语从句。

76．A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries，especially aspiring artists．and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement．

(A few art collectors…introduced European art traditions to those colonists…and established…the idea…and the need…为句子主干)

几个艺术收藏家，波士顿的詹姆士·鲍德温三世、弗吉尼亚的威廉·白尔德租费城的阿里昂夫妇以及汉密尔顿夫妇将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区形成了艺术有价值和需要设立机构以鼓励其发展的观念。

分析：

此长句全为主句，没有从句。整句只能找主干与修饰部分，不能分主从句

主干：art collectors introduced traditions to those colonists and established in the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions 修饰成分：

几个人名并列：Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia

非谓语动词后缀修饰名词：privileged to visit their galleries修饰colonists devoted to its encouragement修饰institutions

（3） 插入语 ，especially aspiring artists．

（4） 介词短语修饰谓语动词：in their respective communities 修饰 established

77．The achievements of the colonial artists，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste——a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic． (The achievements…lent credence to the boast that…and that…为句子主干，两个that引导的两个从句都作boast的同位语)

这些殖民地艺术家的成就，尤其是考伯莱、韦斯特和皮尔的成就，为新国家有能 力鼓励天才和政治自由与艺术品味的发展相一致的宣言提供了凭证——这是艺术，在新的共和国里担当重要角色之前所必须经历的一步。

解析：

主句：The achievements of the colonial artists lent credence to the boast 同位语从句1：that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius

同位语从句2：that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste 其中

“——“引导的从句：a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic． 修饰成分： 插入语：，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，

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其中两个同位语从句1和2由and并列在一起，共同修饰主句中的宾语boast “——“引导的从句是用来修饰整个主句的，对其进行补充描述 插入语修饰artists

78．The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production，and carried consumer goods to households.

(and连接的并列句；strip…of…——剥夺…的…) 铁路同时剥夺了土地的自然资源，使运输速度和规模经济成为工业生产的必需部分，并将消费品送到各家各户。

解析：此长句为几个并列句

并列句1：The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，

并列句2：made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production， 并列句3：carried consumer goods to households.

三个并列句用and相连，共同用一个主语 railroad

79．Moreover，in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and junctions，plus telegraph and telephone lines, the railroad nurtured factory complexes，coat piles, warehouses，and generating stations，forming along its right of way what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.

(the railroad nurtured factory complexes…为句子主干；what引导的从句作forming的宾语)

而且，铁路除了是装备有庞大的路轨信号厂、十字路口、桥梁、交叉点以及电报和电话线的运输路径外，还产生了联合工厂、服装大楼、仓库和发电站，在它的沿途形成了美国风景中被恰如其分地叫做“都市走廊”的景象。

解析：

主句：the railroad nurtured factory complexes…..

从句1：in addition to its being a transportation pathway

修饰成分1：equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and junctions，plus telegraph and telephone lines,

修饰成分2：forming along its right of way

从句2：what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.

从句2修饰修饰成分2中的way

修饰成分2修饰了主句中的宾语factory complexes….. 修饰成分1修饰了从句1

从句1修饰主句中的主语the railroad

80.The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry，using the reeds，grasses，barks，and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes—not only trays，containers，and cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，and ceremonial objects． (fashion制作)

加利福尼亚北部的美国土著人非常擅长编织工艺，他们用在周围找到的芦苇、野草、树皮和树根来制作各种类型和大小的物件，不仅有盘子、容器和饭锅，还有帽子、小船、鱼钩、婴儿篮和仪式用品。

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分析：

主句：The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry 从句1：using the reeds…to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes 从句2：they found around them

从句3：—not only trays，containers，and cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，and ceremonial objects．

从句3修饰从句1中的articles of all sorts and sizes

从句2修饰从句1中的reeds，grasses，barks，and roots 从句1修饰主句整句

81.The warp was always made of willow，and the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread．

(a woody fiber作sedge root的同位语) 经向篾条总是用柳条做成，使用最多的横向篾条是莎草根，这是一种能够被轻易分成不比线条粗的多股的木质纤维。

解析：

主句为两个并列句：

并列句1：The warp was always made of willow，

并列句2：the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber 从句1：that could easily be separated into strands． 从句2：no thicker than a thread

从句1作为同位语从句，修饰并列句2中的宾语sedge root—a woody fiber 从句2修饰从句1中的strands

82.Therefore，if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks． (特殊结构may well have been——可能是)

因此，如果地球开始时是太空中一个过热的球体，那么所有组成地壳的岩石都可能是火成的，因此成为所有其他岩石的祖先。

解析：

主句：all the rocks may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks 从句1：if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space 从句2：making up its crust

主句中两个宾语部分igneous和the ancestors of all other rocks并列 从句1作为条件状语从句，修饰主句

从句2非谓语动词后置修饰主句中的主语rocks

83· It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared--the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter，open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy，with an attendant rise in social disorder，and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools．

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