托福阅读典型长难句分析120(3)

presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges

分句2：that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them

分句1是整个长句子的主句，其中宾语部分是由几个并列短语构成的

分句2是分句1的定语从句，进一步解释了这些东西何以成为了“标志”

1和2嵌套

36．And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building．

(where引导定语从句；what引导的从句作presided over的宾语)

仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂，在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场。

分句1：And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork 分句2：where individual contractors presided over

分句3：what were essentially handicraft proprietorships 分句4：that coexisted within a single building

分句1是整个长句子的主句 分句2是分句1的定语从句 分句3是2的宾语从句 分句4是3的定语从句。

1和2嵌套 2和3嵌套 3和4嵌套

37．But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8．4 million in 1920．the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned，as did the size of the average plant． (倒装结构as did…)

但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从1880年的270万上升到1900年的450万到1920年的840万，像费城的包德温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加，同时普通工厂的规模也剧增。

分句1：But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8．4 million in 1920

分句2：the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned 分句3：as did the size of the average plant

分句2是整个长句子的主句 分句1是分句2的状语

11

分句3是2的并列句，同时它是一个省略句

1和2、3嵌套 2和3并列

38．What we today call American folk art was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds．and especially for portraits． (what引导的从句作主语；介词结构(art)of，by，and for…——…所有、所创和所享的(艺术)) 我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺术。随着日渐繁荣和不断增加的空闲，这些民众为各种艺术，尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市场。

分句1：What we today call American folk art

分句2：was，indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”

分句3：who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds．and especially for portraits

分句1是2的主语从句 分句2是整个长句子的主句

分句3是2的定语从句，修饰folks，中间虽然有多个插入语，但仍是一个分句

1和2嵌套 3和2嵌套

39．But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as such a portraitist was called. (as引导方式状语从句)

但是在肖像画的全盛期——从18世纪晚期一直到19世纪50年代——任何一个稍有艺术能力的人都能够成为一个绘画者(人们当时就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的)。

分句1：But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner as 分句2：such a portraitist was called.

分句1是整个长句子的主句，中间的插入部分都是由介词引导，可见并不能算作分句 分句2是分句1的方式状语从句，由as引导

1和2嵌套

12

40．The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one，and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople． (并列句；特殊结构far from)

新生的美国从其殖民地时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰富，而且，实际上在1776年雕塑作为—种艺术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里。

分句1：The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors 分句2：was far from a rich one

分句3：and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople

分句2和3是整个长句子的主句 分句1是分句2的主语从句 分句3是2的并列句

1和2嵌套 2和3并列

41．0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired，Americans turned to foreign sculptors，as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt．

(句子主干是Americans turned to foreign sculptors；两个when都引导定语从句：occasion when…，1770's when…；as(in the 1770's)的意思是“正如”)

在少数情况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像1770年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人约瑟夫·威尔顿制造威廉·皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求助于外国人。

分句1：0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired

分句2：Americans turned to foreign sculptors

分句3：as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt．

分句2是整个长句子的主句 分句1是分句2的定语从句 分句3是分句2的定语从句

1和2嵌套 2和3并列

42．Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，carpenters，or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium from which they were to make their images，and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century．

13

(add to this the timidity…=add the timidity…to this为祈使句，相当于一个条件句：if one adds to this the timidity…)

这个再加上没有受过学校教育的艺人——他们最初是被训练为石匠、木匠或家具木工的——对待他们要制作成雕像的媒介物的胆怯，使人更充分地了解18世纪晚期美国雕刻艺术的发展。

分句1：Add to this the timidity

分句2：with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，carpenters，or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium

分句3：from which they were to make their images

分句4：and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century．

分句4是整个长句子的主句

分句1、2、3是分句4的条件从句，证据意为：“把这些结合起来，你就会明白??”

分句2修饰timidity，虽然这句的长度最大，信息最多，但仍然只是整句话最终结论的一个支撑。 分句3是修饰medium的定语从句

1和2嵌套 2和3嵌套 123 和4嵌套

43．Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy，desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height，and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles． (what引导的从句作rise to的宾语)

沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低，因为这么做将会涉及水和能量的消耗，而是允许体温上升到平常是高烧的温度——有人在格兰特羚羊身上曾测到高达46摄氏度的体温。

分句1：Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body 分句2：which would involve the expenditure of water and energy 分句3：desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to 分句4：what would normally be fever height

分句5：and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles．

分句3、5是整个长句子的主句 分句2是分句1的定语从句 分句4是3的宾语从句。

1和2嵌套 1、2和3嵌套 3和4嵌套 3、4和5并列

14

44．Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.

(whereby=by which，引导定语从句，表示手段)

租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统。

分句1：Rent control is the system

分句2：whereby the local government tells building owners 分句3：how much they can charge their tenants in rent.

分句1是整个长句子的主句

分句2是分句1的定语从句，whereby相当于我们熟悉的by which 分句3是2的宾语从句，修饰tell 的内容宾语（因为tell有双宾语）

1和2嵌套 2和3嵌套

45．They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's，which，combined with California's rapid population growth，pushed housing prices，as well as rents, to record levels．

(which引导非限定性定语从句)

它们受到了20世纪70年代通货膨胀的刺激，这次通货膨胀与加利福尼亚人口的迅速增长结合在一起，将房价与租金推到了创纪录的水平。

分句1：They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's

分句2：which，combined with California's rapid population growth 分句3：pushed housing prices，as well as rents, to record levels

分句1是整个长句子的主句

分句2是分句1的定语从句，修饰inflation

分句3同样是分句1的定语从句，主语仍然是上一句中的which

1和2、3嵌套 2和3并列

46．Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well：that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony．

(倒装结构Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well=An aesthetic principle is implicit in it as well，that引导的句子做principle的同位语) 其中也蕴涵一个美学原则：用于雕刻的媒介物有一定的美和富于表现力的特性，雕刻家必须使他们自己的审美感与这些特性融为和谐的—体。

15

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库托福阅读典型长难句分析120(3)在线全文阅读。