不定式与动名词(2)

neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve, seek,tend,threaten,want等。 【例如】

I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree. The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.

She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.

There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1) A) making B) to make

C) to have made D)shavingsmade

mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意， 他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施， 应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面 结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。 【例如】

We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.

使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。 4)“wh?word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)， 以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句， 这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。 常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：

know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain, findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe, perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。 【例如】

I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh?word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外， 还可以在句中作主语或者表语。 【例如】

When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice. 5)不定式作状语

a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后， 来强调这种目的。 【例如】

To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.

Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling. We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country. Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension. b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。 【例如】

I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.

She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return. No one is too old to learn.

Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me? c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,

be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready

to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。 【例如】

Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup. It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.

I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.

6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语： ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,

inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。 【例如】

Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training. He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.

The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do. I’d never allow my children to behave like that. 当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等 动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.

【例如】

Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know. I will have the students write a passage about Internet. I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.

It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.

7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时， 原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe, know, report, say, suppose等。 【例如】

Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week. (It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.) Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.

He is reported to have won the 100?meter running race in the Olympic games. 8)不定式作定语

a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。 不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency,time, way等。 【例如】

His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have no intention to go to the cinema with you. There is no need to bother him with such trifles. There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.

The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. (CET-4 1997,6)

A) to compete B) competing

C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted

pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作 定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式， 而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。 特别注意的是在

不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时， 要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，

这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。 【例如】

She is a very nice person to work with.

This is an important issue to talk about.

b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词 常用不定式作定语。 【例如】

Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best one to do the work.

9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but... (不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)， let alone(更不用说)。

【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish that nothing would go wrong.

They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.

蓝色字体为语法现象概述，红色字体是例句要点。

动词不定式（基本形式、句法作用（5种）、否定形式、和疑问词连用） 动名词（作主语、作宾语、只能用动名词的动词或句型（12种）） 分词（作定语、作宾补、作状语、作表语） 易混知识一：动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 易混知识二：动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补的区别 易混知识三：need, require, want后跟不定式和动名词的区别 易混知识四：不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省略介词 动词不定式

1．不定式的基本形式to + 动词原形

Roger: Dad, when I grow up I want to drive a big army tank.

Dad: Well, son, if that’s what you want, I won’t stand in your way.

Roger: 爸爸，长大后我想开大坦克。

爸爸：好的，儿子，如果那是你的选择，我不会挡你的路。 考点：1、动词不定式作宾语，有将来之意，将来开坦克； 2、when：在?的时候，引导时间状语从句；grow up：长大； 3、if：如果，引导条件状语从句；what疑问词引导表语从句； 4、won’t = will not：不会，表意愿；stand in your way挡你的路。 Teacher: Why are you writing so fast?

Janie: I want to finish this essay before my pen run out of ink. 老师：为什么你写得这么快？

Janie：我想在我的钢笔墨水用完前写完这篇文章。 考点：1、动词不定式作宾语，有将来之意，将来完成文章； 2、why疑问副词构成特殊问句；

3、are writing谓语动词是现在进行时，表示现在正在写； 4、程度副词so修饰方式副词fast，so fast修饰动词write； 5、before引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前； 6、run out of用完，注意主语是pen。 2．不定式的句法作用： 1）作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。

It may surprise you to learn that he is part Italian(意大利人). His wig(假发) comes from Venice(威尼斯).

得知他有意大利血统可能你感到奇怪，他的假发来自威尼斯。 注：有些人整容的零件来是世界各地，他们是多国混血儿。 考点：1、to learn that he is part Italian是真正主语；

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