不定式与动名词

一、只能后接不定式的动词和短语归纳有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词。如help,ask,

demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage设法, do / try one’s best, make an attempt,(努力), learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer, wish, (希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine决心, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起), arrange 安排, care 想要, hesitate 犹豫,等。

二、用法归纳有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow, permit(允许),

consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), suggest, advice(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), stick to, insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。carry on 继续 / can’t help 禁不住 / feel like 想要/ keep on 继续 / put off 推迟 / set about 开始，着手 / object to 反对 / pay attention to 注意 / get down to 开始认真做 / look forwards to 期盼 / be [get] used to 习惯于 / lead to 导致 / be devoted to 致力于，专用于，等。 三、介词一般接动名词作宾语，但是 except, but, besides三个介词却习惯上要动词不定式作宾语。

如：They are talking about building a bridge over the river. 他们在讨论在河上修建一座桥的问题。They helped the farmers to the fields besides to get in their crops. 他们除了帮助农民们收割庄稼外还帮助农民们犁田。

四、forget, remember, regret 后接不定式表示现在或将来要发生的动作，动名词表示过去已经发

生的动作。I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。I forgot telling you about it. 我忘记已经告诉你那件事了。

五、mean 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词作宾语时，

表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。如：”I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。What he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。

六、try 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词作宾语时，表

示尝试，意思是“试着做”。如：I’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。

七、need, require, want, deserve后接不定式或动名词语态不同：即动名词用主动形式表示被动意

义，而不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义。如：The flowers need watering every day. = The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。注意：若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作，则只能用不定式，不能用动名词。如：I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。

八、can’t help 后接不定式时，意思是“不能帮忙做某事”；接动名词作宾语时，意思是“禁不住做

某事，情不自禁做某事”。如：I’m very busy now, so I can’t help (to) clean the room. 我现在很忙，因此不能帮助打扫房间。The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。说明：以下两个动词后接不定式或动名词(不一定是用作宾语)意思也不同：go on to do sth (做完某事后)继续做另一事) (不定式作状语)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 (动名词作状语)stop to do sth 停下正在做的事以便去做另一事 (不定式作状语)stop doing sths) 停做正在做的事 (动名词作宾语)

一个及物动词后接另一动词作宾语时，有时只能用不定式，有时只能用动名词，有时用不定式或动名词均可且含义相同，有时用不定式或动名词均可但含义不同。具体情况大致如下：

一、下列动词习惯上只接动名词作宾语 admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允

许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免avoid consider 考虑 delay 推迟 discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit允许permitpractise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推迟report 报告 risk 冒险

I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗户是我打破的。Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不该老想着这事。Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去? 注：(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。如：The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)等后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语；而有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss)则可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。He advised me to buy a computer. Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去? 二、下列动词习惯上只接不定式作宾语

afford 付得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求care 想要 choose 决定 decide 决定 demand 要求determine 决心 expect 期待 fail 未能 help 帮助hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 long 渴望 manage 设法offer 主动提出 plan 计划 prepare 准备 pretend 假装promise 答应 refuse 拒绝 want 想要 wish

希望

I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。She demanded to see the headmaster. 她请求见校长。He promised to save a room for me. 他答应给我留个房间。He pretended to be friendly with me. 他假装对我友善。He offered to take 10% off the price. 他表示愿意按原价减去百分之十。I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。They planned to send a rocket to the moon. 他们计划向月球发射火箭。

三、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语且意义相同的动词 like 喜欢 love 喜欢 hate 憎恨 prefer 宁可begin 开始 start 开始 continue 继续 can’t bear 不能忍受bother 麻烦 intend 想要 attempt 试图 cease停止

He likes to sing [singing]. 他喜欢唱歌。It has started to rain [raining]. 开始下雨了。You needn’t bother to come up [coming up]. 你不必费心过来了。The baby continued to cry [crying] all night. 这孩子哭了一整夜。The old man ceased breathing [to breathe]. 老人停止了呼吸。

注：当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式。另外，当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式。

四、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(1) remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)(2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如：I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。Let’s

try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(做某事，接动名词表示意味着要)做某事。如：He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。(4) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如：He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。(stop后接的不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语)(5) can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如：mes New Roman'\后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如：He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。注：go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别：前者表示做完某事后接着做另一事，后者表示继续做正在做的事。如：You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。(go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动名词)

Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习

五、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但语态不同的动词在 need, want, require等表示“需要”的动词后，接不定式和动名词均可，且含义也相同，但是语态不同：接动名词时用主动式表示被动含义，接不定式时则要用被动式表示”My coat needs mending [to be mended]. 我的外套需要缝补一下。Your coat wants brushing [to be brushed]. 你的大衣需要刷一刷。

不定式是历次大学英语四级考试必考的内容。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。

1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】

To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.

To do that implies taking responsibility.

当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 【例如】

It is important for modern young people to master

at least two foreign languages.

It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,

inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋ 不定式 【例如】

It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.

b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du?ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) ＋不定式

It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people. c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式

It takes me three hours to learn English each day.

It took them half the night to get home in the snow.

2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示 意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。 【例如】

The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.

My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.

The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible. 3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语： afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care, choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine, expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库不定式与动名词在线全文阅读。