跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议(5)

第5.12条:处罚

每一缔约方应采取或维持提供为实施民事、刑事或行政处罚，是否单独或组合，因违反其海关法符合本章规定的措施。 第5.13条:风险管理

1。缔约方应管理，以便清除低风险货物和重点放在高风险货物的海关手续。加强本国国境的货物流动的海关当局应定期审查这些程序。

2。在海关当局认为商品检验并非必要授权从海关监管货物通关，党应努力提供单点的记录片或电子方式处理所有进口和出口。 第5.14条:货物放行

每一缔约方应采取或维持到最大限度，允许货物放行的程序: ()a48小时内到达;和

()b在到来，没有临时调至仓库或其他地点。 第5.15条:咨询点

每一缔约方应指定一人或更多的咨询点，向地址查询关于海关事项的利害关系人和应向在互联网上提供或关于制定此类程序的打印窗体信息查询。 第5.16条:保密

这一章应解释为要求任何一方提供或允许访问机密信息按照本章规定的披露其认为会: ()a违背公共利益由其立法;

()b违反任何其立法包括但不是局限于那些保护个人隐私或金融事务及账户的个人客户的金融机构; ()c妨碍执法;或

()d妨碍竞争地位的人提供有关资料。

章6 贸易救济措施

第6.1条:全球保障措施

1。此协议中的任何影响的权利和义务的缔约方根据关贸总协定1994第十九条和保障措施协定》或任何修订或补充或取代他们的规定。

2。本协议并不授予任何其他权利或义务的缔约方在根据关贸总协定1994第十九条和保障措施协定》采取的行动。

3。作为一种礼节，一方应通知其他各方的调查启动保障措施行动的理由。 第6.2条:反倾销及反补贴关税

1。此协议中的任何影响的权利和义务的缔约方根据gatt1994第六，关于执行1994年关税与贸易总协定第六条协议是世贸组织协议的一部分，(反倾销协定》)和补贴与反补贴措施协定》所适用的反倾销和反补

贴税或任何修订或补充或取代他们的规定是世贸组织协议(SCM协议)的一部分。

2。本协议并不授予任何其他权利或义务的缔约方在根据1994年关贸总协定第6条、反倾销协定》和SCM协定》采取的行动。

Trade poses risks and opportunities to public health nutrition. This paper discusses the potential food-related public health risks of a radical new kind of trade agreement: the Trans Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP). Under negotiation since 2010, the TPP involves Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the USA, and Vietnam. Here, we review the international evidence on the relationships between trade agreements and diet-related health and, where available, documents and leaked text from the TPP negotiations. Similar to other recent bilateral or regional trade agreements, we find that the TPP would propose tariffs reductions, foreign investment liberalisation and intellectual property protection that extend beyond provisions in the multilateral World Trade Organization agreements. The TPP is also likely to include strong investor protections, introducing major changes to domestic regulatory regimes to enable greater industry involvement in policy making and new avenues for appeal. Transnational food corporations would be able to sue governments if they try to introduce health policies that food companies claim violate their privileges in the TPP; even the potential threat of litigation could greatly curb governments' ability to protect public health. Hence, we find that the TPP, emblematic of a new generation of 21st century trade policy, could potentially yield greater risks to health than prior trade agreements. Because the text of the TPP is secret until the countries involved commit to the agreement, it is essential for public health concerns to be articulated during the negotiation process. Unless the potential health consequences of each part of the text are fully examined and taken into account, and binding language is incorporated in the TPP to safeguard regulatory policy space for health, the TPP could be detrimental to public health nutrition. Health advocates and health-related policymakers must be proactive in their engagement with the trade negotiations.

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