高中重点语法精讲康志强语法final 8.20(7)

高中英语语法新思维

--could I come here again tomorrow? --Yes, you can /--no, I‘m afraid not.

e)表示疑问，怀疑或者不相信（主要用在否定句，疑问句或者感叹句中） This can‘t be done by him 这不可能是他做的。 Can this be true? 这会是真的么？

How can you be so careless.你怎么这么粗心呀。 2. may /might

1) 允许，请求—可以

--May I put up the papers on the wall? --Yes, you may. (Yes, please.) --No, you mustn‘t. (No, you‘d better not.)

Might I go with you? (might的语气比may 的语气更委婉客气) 2）表示可能性（主要用于陈述，肯定或否定，疑问句用can代替）

The story may not be true.(区别：The story can‘t be true.) He may be very busy these days. I don‘t know him. I guess he might be a teacher.(might可能性比may要小) 3)表示祝愿（不用might） May you succeed. May you enjoy yourself. 3. will /would Will

1)表示请求建议（用于第二人称） Will you …?

2)表示意志决定，允诺

I will never do that again. Come whenever you will

I will study English harder than before. 3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。（常用于第三人称） She will sit here for hours reading. Fish will die out of water. Girls will be girls. Would

1)表示请求建议，比will 委婉，指现在时间，多用语第二人称 --would you like to dance with me? --Yes, I‘d like to. –No, thanks.

2)表示过去习惯性的动作或某种倾向

I would swim in that river when I was a child. He would sit here like that for hours. 4. shall/should Shall

1)在问句中表示征求对方的意见或请求（用于第一 三人称） Shall I turn in my paper after class? Shall we go now? Shall he come here tomorrow? 2)表示说话人的允诺，命令或者威胁（用于第二三人称） You shall do as I do.

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高中英语语法新思维

You shall get a computer if you get good marks in the exams. He shall be sorry for it in time. Should

1)表示建议，劝告译为应当或者应该（与ought to 同意） You should finish your homework on time. We should respect others. 2)表惊讶，译为“ 竟然“

How should you be so late today ? 5. must 1）表示必须应该，强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定为mustn‘t ,must not. 以must 开头的疑问句，否定回答为needn‘t 或don‘t have to --Must I do it at once? --Yes, you must.—No, you don‘t have to /No, you needn‘t. We must obey the rules. 2)表示推测（只用在肯定句中，否定句疑问句中用can/could） You have been working all day. You must be tired. They must be there. / They can‘t be there. 3)表示埋怨，吃惊 译为“偏偏“ Why must it rain at weekends? 比较：must 和have to

1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上做这件事）

2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表 示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示\不必\

mustn't 表示\禁止\，

You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

5 半情态动词（既可以充当情态动词也可以充当实义动词）----need /dare

Need 表示“需要，必要“，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，肯定句中用have to /must You needn‘t water the flowers everyday. 区别：You don‘t need to water the flowers everyday. （此处的need为实义动词） --Need I attend the meeting? –Yes, you have to /must / No, you don‘t have to /needn‘t 区别：you don‘t need to water the flowers everyday

Dare 表示“敢，胆敢“，常用于否定句，疑问句和条件状语从句中

How dare you say that to me in that way? The little girl daren‘t speak in public. 区别：The little girl doesn‘t dare (to) speak in public.（此处的dare为实义动词）

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高中英语语法新思维

情态动词表示推测的用法总结： 情态动词 Must 使用场合 肯定句 对现在和未来事情的推测 Must + do一定做/准时? 对过去时事情的推测 Must have done （过去必定、一定做了/发生了某事） 例句 1.The story must be true 2. something must have happened to him. 1.He may not be right 2. he may have known the truth. He can‘t have lied to us ,for he is honest. He should have succeeded. May/might 肯定句、否定句 May/might+ do 可能、也许? May/might have done 可能也许已经做了/发生了某事 Can/could have 过去本有能力做某事，过去可能会 Should have done 过去本应该做某事 Can/could 否定句、疑问句中（could可以用在肯定句中） 肯定句、否定句、疑问句中 Can/could + do 可能、也许? Should Should + do (用来表示一种估计的情况) 情态动词+ have done

1. must have done 意思是“想必，一定做过了某事”。 在否定句与疑问句中分别用can‘t 和can 1) It must have rained, for the ground is wet. 2) He can‘t have failed the exam, for he was always working hard. 2. may/might have done 意思是本可以,可能做某事/某事可能发生了。 1) He may not have（可能还没有） heard the news.

2) They might have given(本可以) you more help, but they were too busy.

3. should have done /ought to have done 意思是本应该做某事，而实际上没做。 1）You should have done more exercises. 2) We ought to have gone there by taxi. 4. needn‘ t have done意思是“本不必做某事，实际上是做了”

You needn‘t have informed me of the news. I have already known it. 5. had better have done 意思是“当时最好做了某事”

1) We had better had followed his advice. 2) You had better not have scolded her. 6. would rather have done意思是“宁愿做了某事”。

I would rather have called on you last week. 7. could have done 意思是“可能已经…/ 本来可以，本来有能力…(实际上没有做)”

1）He could have(可能已经) found the answer to the question. 2）You could have done(本来可以) it better, but you were too careless. 8. couldn‘t have done 过去不可能做了某事 9. would like to have done 意思是本想要做某事

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高中英语语法新思维

10. had hoped/ meant/ hoped/expected/ wanted to do

习题精练：

1． There‘s no light on --they __be at home.A. can‘t B. mustn‘t C. needn‘t D. shouldn‘t 2. We hope that as many people as possible ______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.

A. need B. must C. should D. can

3. — ―Where ____ my umbrella?‖ — ―Somebody ____ it away by mistake.‖ A. is, must have taken B. is, must take C. have been, must take D. is, takes

4. Black holes_____ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.

A. can B. should C. must D. need

5. ----- Must he come to sign this paper himself ? -------- Yes, he __________. A. need B. must C. may D. will

6. ----- Is Jack on duty today? ----- It_______ be him. It‘s his turn tomorrow. A. mustn‘t B. won‘t C. can‘t D. needn‘t

7. ---What‘s the name? ---Khulaifi.____I spell that for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 8. ------ I think I‘ll give Bob a ring. ------ You____ .You hasn‘t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should

9. He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.

A. can reach B. could catchC. couldn't have caught D. may not catch 10. When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.

A. needn't hurryB. didn't need hurry C. needn't have hurried D. needn't to hurry 11. I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.

A. would like to have given B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give 12. ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes. A. Would B. Will C. Should D. May

第八章 虚拟语气

概念导入：

语气：是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人的对某一行为或者事情的看法和态度。 种类：

1陈述语气：表示动作或者状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的。用于陈述句，疑问句，和某些感叹句。

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高中英语语法新思维

We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day it is.

2祈使语气：表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请或者命令等。 Be careful！

Don‘t forget to close the window. Open the door, please. 3虚拟语气 概念透析：

虚拟语气： 表示动作或者是状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望 ，假设或者

是推断等。

If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed.

虚拟语气用法指南： 分类： 1. if 虚拟条件句 2. 含蓄虚拟条件句 3. 错综复杂条件句4.情态动词+完成式表虚拟语气 5. 其他句子中的虚拟语气

意义：有的虚拟语气表示与事实相反 而有的则不表示与事实相反纯粹表语气 虚拟语气详解： 一 ：虚拟语气常用在if条件句中，这种条件句被称为虚拟条件句(相对于真实条件句而言)。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件句主句和从句的动词形式列表如下： 从句 主句 与现在事动词过去式（be的过去式一般用Would /should/could/might + do 实想反 were） 与过去事Had +过去分词 Would /should/could/might + have done 实相反 与将来事动词的过去式/should + do Would /should/could/might + do 实可能相Were to+ do 反 1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果： If I were you, I should/would/could/might tell him the truth. 如果我是你，我就会/可能对他说实话。

If he had time, he would/could/might go with you. 如果他有时间，他就会/可能和你一起去。 2）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn‘t /couldn‘t have failed the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你不会/不可能考试不及格。

If I had had the money last week, I should /would /could/might have bought the car. 如果上个星期有了这笔钱，我就会/可能买那辆车。 3）表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果。

If It were Sunday tomorrow, I should/could/might go to see my English teacher. 如果明天是星期天，我就/可能去看我英语老师。

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