高中重点语法精讲康志强语法final 8.20(6)

高中英语语法新思维

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥） (2). His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥） 解题方法指南： 关联词定位：

第一步：根据先行词，看先行词是人是物还是地点

第二步：看所选的关联词在后面的从句里面做什么成分

第三步：通过第一个环节初步定下了关联词之后，结合句子的意思进一步整合确定所选关

联词的准确性。

分类详细剖析：

一：关系代词引导定语从句：

I have a brother that /who likes playing football very much.（做主语，指人） I have a brother whom/who I like to play with.（做宾语） I have a brother whose motorcar is wonderful. I have a brother the motorcar of whom is wonderful. The motorcar which / that belongs to my brother is wonderful.（做主语，指物） This is a house that / which is located in the south of the city. （做主语，指物） This is a house in which (where) an old man lived three years ago.（作状语） This is the most beautiful house that I have seen.（做宾语，指物） This is the last house (that) I want to buy. （做宾语，指物） 区别：that 与which 1. 只用which 不用that

a)which可引导非限制性定于从句，that则不能 He passed the exam, which made me very excited.

b) 当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which而不用that

Can you lend me the book about which you talked with me the other day?

注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关

系代词之前。如：

This is the pen (that/which) I‘m looking for.

不可以说：this is the pen for which I‘m looking. 2.只能用that不能用which

a) all, everything, something, anything, nothing,none ,much, little, few，the one等不定代词. You should hand in all that you have.

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself ? b)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时

This train is the last that will go to Jinan. What is the first film that you have seen ? c)当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

d)当先行词被the very(恰恰，正好), the only ,any,few,little,no , all 等修饰时 He is the every man that (who) I have been looking for. The only thing that I can do is to give the beggar some money. e)先行词既有人也有物时

Do you know the things and persons that we are talking about.

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高中英语语法新思维

f)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

3. that和which 共同之处: 都是关系代词，都可以指物 关系代词as引导定语从句

as 也可用作关系代词，在从句做主语、宾语、表语,可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) as 单独成句（引导非限制性定语从句且位置比较灵活）As we know, as is known to all, as we expect, as is expected，as it often happens …如： She has won the first prize, as it often happens.

2) 先行词被same, such 修饰时，定语从句常用关系代词as 引导 I received the same congratulations as you did. (as 作宾语) 区别：He wants to get the same book that you have. He is not such a man as I like （as作宾语） 3）…such as …

Such 为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中做成分，修饰先行词such。如： This book is not such as I expect. (as作宾语) As 与which引导定语从句的区别 相同之处： as,which 都可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句；

As,which引导非限制性定语从句时两者都可指代主句的整个内容。如： The weather turned out to be very good , which /as was more than we could expect. 不同之处：

1) as 译为正如正像 ,which 则不

As we all know, 2 added to 2 is 4 正如我们知道的那样，2加2等于4 He must be lying, which can be guessed from his expressions. 他肯定在撒谎，这从他的表情上就可以猜出来。

2) as 引导非限制性定语从句位置灵活，而which引导的定从置于主句后面 As is known to all, the earth goes round the sun.（as在句首） We jumped at the news for joy, as was natural.（as在句中）

He failed the exam, which made his father angry.（which 用在句中） 二. 关系副词引导定语从句：

1). when 引导定语从句先行词往往是表示时间的名词如 time ,day , hour,year等,且定语从句中缺时间状语。When = 表示时间的介词（at,in,during等）+which

October 1, 1949 was the day when/on which the people‘s republic of china was founded. 区别：I got a well-paid job on the day (that/which) I will never forget.

2). where 先行词是表地点的一些名词place, room, house, street.且从句中缺地点状语。 Where=表示地点的介词（at,in,on,under等）+which This is the place where/in which my mother was born. 区别：This is the place (that/which)my mother was born in.

注意：以下表示抽象地点的词，且在定语从句中作状语时，关联词用where 这些词有：situation, stage, point,case, position 等。如： China is at a stage where economy is developing quickly.

3). why 先行词通常是reason 且定语从句少状语。Why = for which The reason why/for which he is late is clear to everyone. 区别：The reason that he gave for his being late is unacceptable. 注意：

(1 )当先行词the way 意为―方式，方法‖时，且在后面的定语从句作状语时，关联词用that/ in which/省略。若the way 在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语或表语，则关联词用which/

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高中英语语法新思维

that, 做宾语时还可以省略。如：

The way that/in which /省略he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand. The way that/which/省略 he explained to us was quite simple.

(2)当先行词是time 意为“次数”时，应用关系代词that，that可以省略如： This is the second time (that) the president has visited our country.

若time 作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when/ at/during which 引导定语从句。如： This is at a time when / during which there were no radios. (3)定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在保持一致

当引导定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词保持一致。

The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors. The Great Wall is the only one of buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. I , who am your teacher , will try my best to help you.

Great changes have taken place in china, as is known to all.

习题精练

( ) 1. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

( ) 2. Is this the factory ___you visited the other day?A. that B.what C. in which D. the one ( ) 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

( )4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

( )5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn‘t be found.

A. that B. Where C. in which D. in that

( )6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.

A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what

( )7. The reason ______he failed was that he was unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether

( )8. This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.

A. about which B. that C. where D. from which

( )9. I‘ll tell you ______ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( )10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which

( )11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

( )12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what

( )13. We‘re talking about the piano and the pianist _______were in the concert we

attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that

( )14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom‘s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing

( )15. Those ____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

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高中英语语法新思维

A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn

( )16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against ( )17. Didn‘t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now

( )18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about ( )19. Is there anything __________ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs

( ) 20. ----―How do you like the book?‖ ---―It‘s quite different from ___I read last month.‖

A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what

( )21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already

taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others

( )22. The train ____she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that ( )23. He has lost the key to the drawer ____the papers are kept.

A. in where B. in which C. under which D. which

( )24. Antarctic _____we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where C. that D. about which

( )25. He's got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the

plane. A. where B. which C. what D. that

( )26. The pen ___he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which ( )27. May the fourth is the day _______ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which

( )28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my

grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where

( )29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed ( ) 30.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who

( ) 31. This dictionary, the few pages ______ are missing, is of no use.

A．among which B．in which C．of which D． to which

( )32. I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that

( )33. He is not __________ a fool __________.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

( )34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that

( )35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as C. who D. what

( )36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom ( )37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is

( )38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom

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高中英语语法新思维

( )39. ---- Do you know the town at all?---- No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

( )40. I don‘t like __________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

( )41. The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim‘s gold watch and Della‘s hair.

A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which

( ) 42. Pointing to the house on _____ roof grew lots of bush, the old man told me that was

_____I would stay. A. its, what B. whose; what C. its, where D. whose,where

( )43. It was in the garden of his old house _____ he grew up ____he dug up a lot of gold. A.that , that B. that, where C. where,where D. where , that

( )44. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which ( ) 45. Who can think of a case _____this idiom can be used?

A. which B. that C. where D. in that

( )46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that C. which D. those

( )47. They were interested ______you told them.

A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything

( )48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for

knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is D. I think which is of

( )49. The great day we looked forward to ___at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes ( )50. I like the second football match ____ was held last week.

A. which B. whom C. that D. /

第七章 情态动词

概念透析：

定义：说话人的语气或感情，对某一种动作的某种态度或某种倾向。 理解：1 词义不全，不能单独充当谓语。

2 没有人称和数的变化但有时态的变化 3 常见的情态动词有：

Can/could; may/might; will/would; shall/ should ; need, dare (半情态动词) 情态动词分类解析： 1. can /could a）表示能力

--can you speak English ? ---Yes, I can /No, I can‘t b) 表示客观的可能性

Anybody can make mistakes. Man can‘t live without water. c)表示猜测（常用在否定句或疑问句中） --can your English teacher be in the office? –No, he can‘t be in /Yes, he must be in d)表示请求/许可

在这种语境下，could 比can更委婉。Could 和can 没有时间上的差别，could用于疑问句中，回答时要改用can.

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