unit6(2)

to be considered heartless or unpleasantly aggressive or forceful. We are still working at trying to overcome the fear that power and womanliness are mutually exclusive. In my case, I think I may have had an easier time dealing with this fear because my first taste of leadership came in a situation in which I was a blissfully (幸福地) ignorant outsider. It was in college, when I became president of the Cambridge Union debating society. Since I had grown up in Greece, I had never heard of the Cambridge Union or the Oxford Union and didn't know about their place in English culture, so I wasn't weighed down with the kinds of overwhelming notions that may have stopped British girls from even thinking about trying for such a position.

The same thing happened when my first book, The Female Woman, came out. I was 23 and my U.S. publisher, Random House, flew me from London to New York. They handed me my schedule, and my first interview was with Barbara Waiters on the Today show. This didn't confuse and shock me since I had no idea who Barbara Waiters was, and had never heard of the Today show. So I was less nervous than if I had been on a local show in Athens that my family and classmates could have watched.

In this way, it was a blessing that I started my career outside my home

environment. It had its own problems in that I was laughed at for my accent and was demeaned (贬低) as someone who spoke in a funny way. But it also taught me that it is easier to overcome people's judgments than to overcome our own serf-judgment, the fear we internalize.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn said, ―If you want to change the world, who do you

begin with, yourself or others?‖ I believe if we begin with ourselves and do the things that we need to do and become the best person we can be, we have a much better chance of changing the world for the better.

56. According to the first paragraph, women leaders fear that they may be regarded as ______.

A．inconsiderate

B．lacking in womanliness C．incompetent

D．lacking in leadership 57. What was the author's attitude towards \ A．She was ignorant. B．She was unhappy. C．She wasn't stressed.

D．She wasn't satisfied.

58. What is said about Barbara Waiters?

A．She was the interviewer on the Today show. B．She was a famous women leader in the U.S. C．She was a clerk working for Random House. D．She was the most faithful fan of the author.

59. In what situation did the author find it easier to deal with fear? A．When she had her first book published. B．When she was in an unfamiliar culture. C．When she was with friends and family. D．When she got used to facing the public.

60. The author suggests that it is more difficult to overcome ______. A．prejudice against women leaders B．fear for the unpredictable future C．others' judgments on us D．our own internalized fear

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladuell argues that ―social epidemics‖ are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn‘t explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the ―two-step flow of communication‖: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers

have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing

whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don‘t seem to be required at all.

The researchers‘ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most

influential members of a population simply don‘t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and

colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won‘t propagate very far or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people‘s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the

principal requirement for what we call ―global cascades‖– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a

brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.

61. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics. B. discuss influentials‘ function in spreading ideas.

C. exemplify people‘s intuitive response to social epidemics. D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.

62. The author suggests that the ―two-step-flow theory‖ A. serves as a solution to marketing problems.

B. has helped explain certain prevalent trends.

C. has won support from influentials.

D. requires solid evidence for its validity.

63. What the researchers have observed recently shows that A. the power of influence goes with social interactions. B. interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media. C. influentials have more channels to reach the public. D. most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.

64. The underlined phrase ―these people‖ in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who A. stay outside the network of social influence.

B. have little contact with the source of influence.

C. are influenced and then influence others.

D. are influenced by the initial influential.

65. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

A. The eagerness to be accepted. B. The impulse to influence others.

C. The readiness to be influenced. D. The inclination to rely on others

Part IV Translation

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

明朝(the Ming Dynasty) 初期,中国是世界上最发达的国家之一。为了弘扬国力、加强与其他各国的联系,明成祖多次派遣郑和出使西洋。1405年,郑和开始了第一次航行。他的舰队由 200多艘船构成,所载人数超过2万人,包括水手、军人、技术人员、译员等,还有大量黄金和丝绸,用于交易和作为礼品。往返用了两年时间。郑和出使的一些 国家随船派遣使者(envoy),并带来向明朝进贡的贡品(tribute)。郑和下西洋是世界航海史上的一大壮举(feat)。今天,东南亚仍有很多纪念郑和的建筑。

Part I Writing

Immoral Behaviors in Public

We have all seen or experienced it before---those inappropriate and often

unsanitaryactions which disgust and annoy most cultured people in society. Spitting, littering, peeing in public - all these and others fall into this category. I personally had the embarrassing experience one late night of seeing a man peeing alongside the river. He was not embarrassed at all.

Such inappropriate public behavior has a terrible effect on society. For one thing, most unsanitary behavior can spread germs and diseases to the general public. For another, they contribute to the pollution of the environment and show little or no consideration for the environment.

We must take steps as a society to improve this situation. Our government should sponsor public announcements and advertisements to emphasize the cultural

inappropriateness of this kind of behaviors. Our schools and teachers should teach and enforce acceptable standards for all students. And in the home, parents, grandparents, aunties and uncles should all work together to teach the children what is right by example.

Part III Reading Comprehension Section A

36-40 ADFHO 41-45 KLICJ Section B

46 -50 B F D H A 51 – 55 I C I H G Section C

56-60 B C A B D 61-65 B D A C C Part IV Translation

In the early Ming Dynasty, China was one of the most developed countries in the world. In order to transmit its national power and strengthen contacts with other countries, Emperor Chengzu sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean many times. In 1405, Zheng He embarked on his first voyage. His fleet was composed of more than 200 ships and carried over 20,000 men, including sailors, soldiers, technical personnel, interpreters etc., and large amounts of gold and silk to be used for trade and as gifts. The round trip took two years. Some of the countries Zheng He visited

dispatched envoys bearing tributes to the Ming court on his ships. Zheng He‘s voyages were a great feat in the world‘s navigation history. Today, there are still many buildings in Southeast Asia dedicated to his memory.

1.弘扬国力:可译为 transmit its national power或carry forward its national power。 2.加强…联系:可译为 strengthen contacts或者enhance communication。 3.往返:可译为round trip,意为―往返旅行,环程旅行‖。

4.郑和下西洋:即―郑和的航行‖,可译为Zheng He's voyages。 5.壮举:可译为feat。

6.纪念:可译为be dedicated to one's memory。

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库unit6(2)在线全文阅读。