unit6

Part I Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay entitled

―Immoral Behaviors in Public‖ following the outline given below. You should writer at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Outline:

1. 我们经常在公共场合见到各种不文明的行为，简单叙述你的一次相关经历; 2. 这些不文明行为会有哪些影响; 3. 我们应该怎样改善这种现象

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement 36 as soon as we attempt to define \and consider means of promoting it.

There are several factors that 37 to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take 38 of all the important factors in a problem and to 39 to each its due weight. This has become move difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and 40 of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are 41 in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to 42 the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed ( let us say ) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply 43 and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest

populations. To take an even more 44 example, which is in everybody's mind at the present time, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man planning to destroy the human race.

Therefore ,with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our 45 for evil, if our purposes are unwise.

A) halts I) inadequate B) discount J) capacity C) dramatic K) engaged D) contribute L) absorb E) ceases M) distribute F) account N) complex G) attack O) complexity H)attach

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is

derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter. Work-life Balance: Flex Appeal

A) Georgina Blizzard and Nicky Imrie decided they needed to find a more flexible

working pattern when they became mothers. Having had jobs in public relations, which involved long hours and a lot of pressure, they felt their old style of working would not suit their new responsibilities and decided to find a way to make the work they enjoyed fit in with their changed lives. They launched the

PR Network in 2005，when Blizzard‘s eldest daughter, Isabella was just three months old. Both women work a three-day week, and built the running of the company around the sort of flexibility they needed. They offer the same level of flexibility to the freelance (自由职业的）associates, matching companies of all sizes looking for freelance support with workers with the right skill set who are happy to take on contracts that fit in with their preferred pattern of hours.

B) While technology now enables many workers to do their things from anywhere, at any time, recently developed forms of ―extremely flexible‖ working are providing a way into the workplace for more people with lifestyles that can‘t easily accommodate a regular working pattern. Shaking up the workplace does not just help individuals. Wingham Rowan, founder of Slivers-of-Time, a social enterprise that has devised a system allowing people to sell their available working time through an online marketplace, believes extremely flexible working could hold the key to a brighter future for employment in the UK. ―We have to start thinking in terms of work, not jobs，‖ says Rowan. C) Slivers-of-Time developed a web-based system to allow people to sell their time online to employers in tiny blocks of two hours or more, on days that suit them. More geared up for in-house staff than home workers, Slivers workers post their CV and their availability and employers can book them to cover busy periods or do a temporary piece of work. Ideal for careers, parents and anyone who wanted to use a few spare hours to earn money but found it difficult to hold down a regular job with one employer because of personal commitments, it was awarded government funding as a means to tackle worklessness. D) ―The system has been particularly embraced by smaller companies，‖ says Rowan. Smaller firms enjoy the opportunity to take on workers to cover small bits of time, minimizing costs and enabling them to cover busy periods. ―There is an office supplies company that knows the best time to call potential buyers is between certain times on a Tuesday and Wednesday, so it books staff to cover those times. Then there‘s a T-shirt printing company that books extra staff if they have a big order to fulfill. And the City of London has found that library inquiries are busier during the school holidays, so it takes on staff to cover those periods.‖ E) The model works well for small companies, but Slivers now has a number of large household names using its system. Helen Turner, recruitment and development manager for John Lewis in Cambridge, used Slivers-of-Time to cover the extremely busy Christmas period. ―Slivers-of-Time meant we could cover gaps as small as two hours,‖ Turner says. ―Once they were hired they worked various hours across the week, depending on their circumstances. We were able to call on extra resources quickly and they supported our partners.‖ She says many of the staff were students, while some were careers, and the flexible model suited both the store and the staff well.

F) Flexible hiring also works well for another household name, Adobe, which uses PR Network‘s associates to support its existing analyst relations team. Timothy Brook, senior manager of analyst relations at Adobe, says: ―We were looking for skilled, knowledgeable and motivated individuals who could work without the day-to-day management or direction often required by an agency model, and who could work directly with senior management within Adobe in the UK on a number of projects.‖ PR Network is in the enviable position of having grown during a recession, but although the downturn has pushed a higher number of people into self-employment, organizations involved in flexible working practices say it can‘t take all the credit. G) Xenios Thrasyvoulou, founder of PeoplePerHour (PPH), an online service that allows freelance workers to bid for contracts offered by businesses, says the movement towards extremely flexible working for all skill levels was already under way when the recession took hold. PPH was launched in 2007，and now has 35,000 freelancers registered on its books, and 43,000 businesses, mostly small. Thrasyvoulou says the changes in working practice are ―not just a recessionary effect‖. ―What is happening is a longer-term trend which has been accelerated by the recession, and one that is led by small businesses which are always more creative, H) Both the public sector and small businesses in the private sector are moving towards flexible styles of working, according to Andy Lake, editor of the online journal flexibility.co.uk. ―In the public sector, more and more contractors are being taken on,‖ Lake says. ―There‘s evidence that things are working in different ways. In the private sector, the biggest growth area is small businesses, which are keen to grow turnover but not personnel.‖ Even larger firms echo this opinion. As Adobe‘s Brook says: ―Due to the uncertain economy, we wanted the ability to ?dial up and dial down，our commitment based on available budgets and levels of work.‖ This ―flexing up and down‖ of the workforce may be key to the future of industry, opening doors for more people to pursue extremely flexible styles of working. I) According to the Confederation of British Business’s Shape of Business report, published last November, organizations will increasingly ―move to a new employment model where the core of permanent staff is smaller and a greater number of freelancers, consultants and temporary workers are used‖. All in all, it‘s good news for people hoping for greater control of their work-life balance. ―More organizations have adopted flexible working practices as a way of saving jobs during the recession,‖ says Gillian Nissim, founder of Workmgmiuns.co.uk. ―We hope this will not just be a stop-gap measure to save money but will bring lasting changes to the UK‘s working culture, making it easier for women and men to balance work and family life and giving employers the diverse and committed workforce they need to thrive.‖

46. Shaking up the workplace not only helps individuals but is the key to a brighter

future for employment in the UK. 47. PR Network may be envied because it has grown even in economic downturn. 48. The benefit of hiring temporary workers for small companies is to cover the busiest time with minimum cost.

49. The key to the future of industry may lie in ―flexing up and down‖ of the workforce.

50. Working mothers would consider jobs in public relations not suitable for them

because that kind of job often involves long working hours. 51. It is hoped that the flexible working practice would bring diverse and committed staff to employers.

52. The UK government offered financial assistance to Slivers-of-Time so as to decrease the unemployment rate.

53. Organizations will move to a new employment model in which the number of

temporary workers will increase while the number of permanent staff will fall down. 54. Both the public sector and small businesses in the private sectors are increasingly

willing to adopt flexible working style. 55. The movement towards extremely flexible working, accelerated by the recession, is a long-term trend.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Women still have an uneasy relationship with power and the traits necessary to be a leader. There is this internalized fear that if we are really powerful, we are going

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