virus. announce sth.(to sb.) It is announced that... 【牛刀小试】
①The spokesman the news the reporter. 发言人向记者发布新闻。
②________that she is going to Japan next week. 据宣布,下个星期她要去日本。
③The bright flowers________that spring was here. 鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
④Attention,please！I have an________. 请注意,我有消息要公布。 [比较辨析] announce declare 指把人们所关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消息 多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于宣战、议和与宣判 announce that... announcement n． [填一填]
①The school office________that the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday. ②It was________by the government that these small coal mines would be closed.
10．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
[教材原句] The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. instruct sb.in sth. as instructed follow the instructions instruct sb.to do sth. instruction n． 【牛刀小试】
① He ________ me to deliver it to a customer.他吩咐我把东西送给顾客。 ②My job is________ her in English.我的工作是教她英语。 ③She arrived at 10________.她依照指示十点钟到达。
④Always________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.一定要认真读瓶子上的说明再服适量的药。
11．contribute vt.& vi. [教材原句] to contribute contribute...to... contribution n． 【牛刀小试】
①I'm sure your suggestion will solving the problem. 我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。 ②She________our magazine.
她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。
③Eating too much fat can________heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。 ④Everyone is willing to ________the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
⑤Everyone should make a contribution to________(protect)the environment. 每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。
重点短语和句型
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contribute to make a contribution/contributions to/towards... 1．put forward
[教材原句] Who put forward a theory about black holes? ①put aside ④put out ⑦put through ②put away ⑤put up ⑧put back ③put off ⑥put up with ⑨put down 【牛刀小试】
①They have the date of their wedding by one week.
他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
②I'm not going to________their smoking in the office any longer.
我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。
③A notice was________in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
为了提醒同学们演讲的时间有变,有人张贴了一则通知。
④At the last moment,Tom decided to ________ a new character to make the story seem more likely. 在最后一刻,汤姆决定增加一个新人物,以使故事更可信。 2．apart from此外,除了……之外
[教材原句] Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases. ①in addition(to)/besides ③except for 【牛刀小试】
①________the cost,the dress doesn't suit me. 姑且不论价格,这件衣服不适合我。
②It is a good book,________the torn cover. 除了封面破了,它是本好书。 [比较辨析] besides except except for apart from 意为“除了……之外(还有)”,有肯定的附加意义。表示在整体中加上一部分,除去的部分也包括在内 意为“除了……之外”,表示在整体中减去一部分,除去的部分不包括在内 意为“除……之外”,用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思 具有多重意思,根据不同语境,既可代替besides,也可代替except或except for ②but/except ④except that/when/what...
[填一填]
①All the students took part in the sports meeting________Tom. ②We need three more chairs________these two. ③________the ending,it's a really good film. 3．make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
[教材原句] Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. make sense of in a sense common sense a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 【牛刀小试】
①This sentence jus________,no matter how you read it. 无论你怎样读这个句子,它还是讲不通。 ②________in getting angry about it. 为此生气是没有意义的。
③________can we lie to our parents. 我们决不能向父母说谎。
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make no sense in no sense There is no/little sense in doing sth. ④You are right________,but you don't know all the facts. 在某种意义上你是对的,但你不了解全部事实。 ⑤Can you________ this article?
你能看懂这篇文章吗？
4．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. neither...nor... not only...but also... 【牛刀小试】
①To be honest,I have time money for the ball.
诚实地说,我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。
②Neither my wife nor I myself________(be)able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。
③Not only the nurses but also the doctor________(be) very kind to the patients.
护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
④Either you or one of your students________(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
5．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次暴发霍乱时,都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。
(1)every time引导时间状语从句,相当于whenever,表示“每当……”。 (2)名词词组作连词用,引导时间状语从句的还有： each time每当……时候 next time下次……时
the＋序数词＋time第……次 the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)一……就…… (3)有些副词,如directly,instantly,immediately也可引导状语从句。 【牛刀小试】
①She let out a cry she saw the snake.
她一看到蛇就叫了起来。
②________Kobe visits China,he receives a warm welcome from his Chinese fans. 每一次科比来访中国,都会受到中国球迷的热烈欢迎。 ③________I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous. 我第一次爬到墙上去时,感到很紧张。
6．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
(1)only if 只有,只要,引导的状语从句在句首时,主句要用倒装语序,即主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be置于主语前。
(2)if only 但愿,要是…就好了,引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气,表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。 【牛刀小试】
①She'll have a chance to get well ________she has a strong will to live. 唯有她有活下去的坚强意志她才会有机会好起来。 ②________ she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐该多好啊！
③________ in this way, ________ solve the problem easily. 只有用这种方法,你才能轻松地解决这个问题．
either...or... not...but... 8
Unit 1 Great scientists
Period One Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria________her personal physician.
2．This was the deadly disease________its day.
3．A cloud________dangerous gas floated________until it found its victims.
4．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease________their bodies with their meals. 5．As the disease spread quickly________poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. 6．He discovered that these people worked________the pub________7 Cambridge Street. 7．Next, John Snow looked________the source________the water________these two streets. 8．Soon afterwards the disease slowed________.
9．________another part of London, he found supporting evidence________two other deaths that were linked________the Broad Street outbreak.
10．________this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce________certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
Ⅱ.佳句翻译与仿写
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
翻译：___________________________________________________________ 仿写 他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。
_________________________________________________________________ 2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 翻译：___________________________________________________________ 仿写 我每次去北京都会去参观长城。
_________________________________________________________________ 3．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 翻译：___________________________________________________________ 仿写 我亲眼所见后才会相信他的话。
_________________________________________________________________ 4．It seemed that the water was to blame.
翻译：___________________________________________________________ 仿写 好像那次交通事故应该怪司机。
5．To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
翻译：___________________________________________________________ 仿写 我建议他改天再来。
_________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Linus Pauling,the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes,was born in Portland,Oregon.He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962,long after he had
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received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922.He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance.His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry,especially of the human body.He began with proteins and their main parts,the amino acids(氨基酸),which are called the“building blocks of life”．In 1950,he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule,a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ,Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security,for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948.However,the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction.Having long worked on the structure of molecules,he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on,Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons.Through his efforts,The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except
underground ones,came into effect on October 10,1963,the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.
1．From the first Paragraph,we learn that Linus Pauling________. A．didn’t study hard while in Washington High School B．is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes C．was once badly treated in Washington High School D．chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
2．Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A．The “behavior” of molecules. B．Physical chemistry. C．Biological chemistry. D．The human body.
化,从physical chemistry 转到了biological chemistry上,所以我们可以得出正确答案为B选项。 3．Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty?
A．The use of nuclear weapons.
B．Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground. C．Testing hydrogen bomb on underground. D．The production of hydrogen bombs.
4．The main idea of the passage is to show________. A．Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons B．Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C．Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules D．Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace
face n．脸；面部表情；表面 生义：v.面对；面向,朝着
1．He faced the problem seriously. 他认真地面对那个问题。
2．He lives in a house facing (to the) south. 他住在一所面朝南的房子里。
Period Two Language Points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We can ________（总结） from what he said that he is a good manager. 2．The babies are well ________（照顾）to in the nursery.
3．The police ________（怀疑）that someone had broken into the house and stolen the picture. 4．The river has been ________（污染）by all kinds of industrial waste. 5．The new canal will ________（联系）the two rivers.
6．Two teachers will ________（教导) and take care of the students after class. 7．Plants ________（吸收) carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. 8．My mother was very ________（严厉的) with me.
9．The role will be the biggest ________（挑战) of his acting career.
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