牛津版牛津高中英语语法总结(4)

1．我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。

如：The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.

2．我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过去刚开始，并且现在还没结束的事情。

如：I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.

当动作发生的确切时间不清楚或不重要时，我们也用现在完成时态。经常连用的时间短 语有：already ever for just lately never recently since yet

already 用语肯定句，yet用语否定句。

如：The boy has already come home. I haven’t heard anything from him yet.

for+一段时间 since+点时间

如：We haven’t seen him for two years. We haven’t seen him since 2002.

注：当已给定具体的时间时，我们往往用一般过去时态，而不是现在完成时态。

我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作。

如：The police have just finished searching the area.

我们也用现在完成时态来表示重复的动作。

如：Some villages say that they have seen UFOs many times.

现在完成时态的构成是：have/has+动词的过去分词

二 现在完成进行时态

1．我们用现在完成进行时态来表示在过去发生的并且仍将继续的动作。

如：I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.

2．我们用现在完成进行时态来表示刚刚结束但以某种方式和现在有联系的动作。

如：--- Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?

--- Yes, I’ve been waiting for an hour.

3．现在完成进行时态的构成：have/has +been +doing

注：for和since和现在完成进行时态连用。

如：I have been waiting for a long time.

He has been waiting since nine o’clock.

三 现在完成时态还是现在完成进行时态

1．我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示发生在过去并且现在仍在发生的动作。

如：Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.)

Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)

2．我们用现在完成时态表示重复的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示不停的动作。 如：I have visited Egypt twice this month.

I have been touring Egypt for two months.

现在完成时态用于回答how many/much的提问，现在完成进行时态用语回答how long的提问。

如：How many times have you swum in the lake?

How long have you been swimming in the lake?

3．状态动词和动作动词都可以用在现在完成时态中，但只有动作动词可以用在现在完成进行时态中。

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