143
00:15:00,971 --> 00:15:03,883
The panda has long been known in China. 144
00:15:03,971 --> 00:15:07,850 It was mentioned in dictionaries more than 2,000 years ago 145
00:15:07,931 --> 00:15:11,162 and the Imperial Garden is said to have housed one. 146
00:15:14,291 --> 00:15:18,807 In the dense bamboo of the forest one panda rarely sees another, 147
00:15:18,891 --> 00:15:22,645 instead they communicate by subtle scent signals. 148
00:15:24,771 --> 00:15:28,730 At a metre-and-a-half long and 135 kilos, 149
00:15:28,811 --> 00:15:32,406 the giant panda
is a member of the bear family. 150
00:15:32,491 --> 00:15:36,962
But its bear-like digestive system is built for eating meat, 151
00:15:37,051 --> 00:15:39,281 not this tough, fibrous stuff.
152
00:15:45,611 --> 00:15:50,002 And to make matters worse,
the bamboo leaves are frozen solid. 153
00:15:50,091 --> 00:15:54,448
But the panda has devised a cunning way of breaking the ice off. 154
00:15:54,531 --> 00:15:57,250
It rubs the bamboo over its snout. 155
00:16:02,411 --> 00:16:03,764 Unlike other bears, 156
00:16:03,851 --> 00:16:07,844 the panda can't fatten itself up and hibernate through the winter. 157
00:16:07,931 --> 00:16:09,364 Bamboo is so low in energy 158
00:16:09,451 --> 00:16:12,602 that the panda must spend most of the day eating. 159
00:16:13,851 --> 00:16:18,003 Once it has exhausted one area, it must move on to the next. 160
00:16:21,931 --> 00:16:25,719 The panda's paw
is surprisingly un-bear-like, too. 161
00:16:25,811 --> 00:16:28,609
It's flexible,
with an enlarged wrist bone 162
00:16:28,691 --> 00:16:30,966 which allows it to grasp and manoeuvre the bamboo 163
00:16:31,051 --> 00:16:35,124 with a dexterity and precision that a monkey would be proud of. 164
00:16:36,411 --> 00:16:39,084 Twisting the bamboo leaves into a cigar shape 165
00:16:39,171 --> 00:16:41,287 makes them easier to munch. 166
00:16:51,931 --> 00:16:56,561 Hungry pandas once roamed
across vast tracts of bamboo-rich forest 167
00:16:56,651 --> 00:16:59,324
that covered much of China's heartland. 168
00:17:04,971 --> 00:17:07,041 But since the 1950s, 169
00:17:07,131 --> 00:17:10,646 logging has fragmented
the Qinling Mountain forests. 170
00:17:10,731 --> 00:17:15,247 Its remaining wild pandas are now confined within isolated reserves.
171
00:17:21,451 --> 00:17:26,809
In the last 50 years, China's heartland has been subjected to desertification, 172
00:17:26,891 --> 00:17:29,724 drying rivers and deforestation, 173
00:17:29,811 --> 00:17:33,167 affecting not only people, but wildlife, too. 174
00:17:39,131 --> 00:17:42,760 The relationship between
the Chinese people and their environment 175
00:17:42,851 --> 00:17:45,365 appears to be out of balance. 176
00:17:45,451 --> 00:17:47,521
But if we dig a little bit deeper, 177
00:17:47,611 --> 00:17:51,809 there are some surprising
and intimate connections even today. 178
00:17:57,051 --> 00:18:01,442
Clues to the nature of these links can be found in everyday life, 179
00:18:01,531 --> 00:18:04,329 even in the centre
of China's capital city. 180
00:18:09,931 --> 00:18:12,047 In the parks of Beijing, 181
00:18:12,131 --> 00:18:16,124 Mandarin ducks keep a close watch over their young. 182
00:18:16,211 --> 00:18:19,362 Believed by the Chinese to pair for life, 183
00:18:19,451 --> 00:18:24,081 they have been seen for centuries as a symbol of love and fidelity. 184
00:18:30,291 --> 00:18:34,523
Images of these birds are believed to improve personal relationships. 185
00:18:53,891 --> 00:18:58,282
As a result, Beijing's Mandarin ducks are highly protected. 186
00:19:08,051 --> 00:19:10,804 The alleyways
of the capital's ancient hutongs 187
00:19:10,891 --> 00:19:13,928 are home to a very different kind of creature. 188
00:19:16,291 --> 00:19:20,967 Each day Zhou Guoguang
tends his brood of pigeons, 189
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