11. A. Philosophy. B. Education. C. Psychology. D. Mathematics. 12. A. A teacher. B. A shop assistant. C. A hotel boy. D. A mechanic. Passage 2 Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following passage.
I3. A. Come to school to pick up their lunch. B. read the handout the teacher prepared. C. Write a report in their laboratory notebooks. D. Bring some warm clothes with them.
14. A. To learn about the members of the pine tree family. B. To participate a discussion of their family members. C. To study how a bank works. D. To pass a test of a required course. 15. A. Chemistry. B. Botany. C. Fine Arts. D. Geology. PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each )
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
16. The United States has not only a diversity of geography and climate but also of people; people from all over the world have settled in the United States.
A. distinction B. division C. variety D. variability
17. The driver who failed to yield the right-of-way and ignored the stop sign was charged with negligence. A. ignorance B. negation C. carelessness D. violation
18. Our neighborhood is just over there; my house sticks out and you can't miss it. A. stands up B. stands out C. stands for D. stands high 19. He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. A. rejected B. inclined C. hospitalized D. isolated
20. Although we all know that honesty is the best policy, fraud is often used in many business deals. A. pretension B. kidnapping C. deceit D. forgery
21. The stock market has become the breeding ground for millionaires as well as fortune-losers. A. fostering B. drilling C. lodging D. meddling
22. Aided by a computer system, the Japanese manager was able to interview the English-speaking candidate without an interpreter.
A. representative B. agent C. applicant D. supervisor
23. Since the economy is booming house prices are sky-rocketing in this region now. A. dynamiting B. dominating C. prosecuting D. prospering
24. Many people in that country are now campaigning for the abolition of capital punishment. A. elimination B. establishment C. advertisement D. limitation
25. In my opinion the new policies will certainly accelerate the decline of the manufacturing industry. A. quicken B. check C. activate D. prescribe Section B (0.5 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something Omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 26. Talk to the school guidance counselor and he will give you advice on what may be a/an ____ career for you. A. moderate B. integral C. valid D. optimal
27. Bill Gates needed ten years to get fifty million people to use his software; Netscape's Mark Andreessen accomplished the same____in only two years.
A. stake B. prediction C. sequence D. feat
28. The man who is delivering a report is very successful with technological ____. A. installations B. innovations C. revolutions D. renovations 29.After so many years in the military service, I'm glad to get back to _____clothes. A. civil B. civic C. civilian D. civilized 30. What we actually need is a table which can ____ ten diners,
A. coordinate B. accommodate C. credit D. compromise 31. The principal government has several plans to solve the problem. A. in a way B. by the way C. under way D. in the way 32. This is the latest____ of Chinese population by the year 2000.
A. provision B. prescription C. projection D. progression
33. I don't doubt that those are their ____ opinions about the affair, since they seem to understand our difficulty very well.
A. considerate B. selective C. voluntary D. radical 34. The ruthless conquerors ____ their victims' wealth and burnt their cities.
A. plunged B. revived C. plundered D. retreated 35. The men build banks of earth to the rising flood waters. A. hold back B. hold down C. hold for D. hold up Part III CLOSE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points)
Direction: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
The most convincing evidence for the importance of adult influence on a child's intelligence comes from a study of “at risk\ 36 children born into poverty-line households. The children 37 the study by four months of age. During the study, one group spent the day in a center 38 teachers used games and songs to 39 the infants. Another group had no such program, 40 they were given nutritional supplements for infancy.
During preschool years the children in the early-education group showed IQ. advantages of 10 to 20 points. The highest-risk children showed the 41 gains, and at age 15 they had higher reading and math scores. What 42 these gains? Ramey and other scientists say early childhood experiences 43 brain growth.
An infant is born with billions of brain cells called neurons (神经原). Some are wired or connected to other cells before birth to 44 the basics of life, such as heartbeat and breathing. Others are waiting to be wired to help the child interpret and 45 the outside world. Experience dictates the hookups. 46 the child matures, cells reach out and set up pathways to other cells needed to determine a behavior.47, the neurons in the eye send branches to the visual cortex (脑皮层), which interprets what the eye sees and, 48 other branches, signals to the person to react to what is seen. 49 time an experience is repeated, the pathways are strengthened.
The first two years of life are an explosion of brain growth and connections. By age two the brain has more than 300 trillion connections. At the same time, cells that aren't being connected or used are being _50_. 36. A. across B. on C. toward D. with
37. A. entered B. reached C. admitted D. enrolled 38. A. when B. which C. where D. how 39. A. exert B. stimulate C. arise D. perturb 40. A. and B. so C. but D. or
41. A. easiest B. brightest C. fewest D. greatest
42. A. breaks out B. appeals to C. accounts for D. makes for 43. A. delay B. prefer C. perfect D. foster
44. A. regulate B. interrupt C. accomplish D. confuse 45. A. hunt for B. lead to C. respond to D. look to 45. A. For B. Since C. As D. Because
47. A. On the other hand B. For instance C. On the contrary D. At any rate 48. A. via B. versus C. given D. except 49. A. One B. All C. More D. Each
50. A. compensated B. discarded C. purified D. smashed PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (1)
The whole process of summarizing implies an ability to make decisions. You have to decide what the author's plan is, how the material has been organized, what the key ideas are, and what material is used merely as example. You will not find the technique of summarizing easy at first because it requires so many decisions. But your efficiency in making summaries, as well as your general reading efficiency, will increase in proportion to the time and effort you spend on perfecting your note-taking technique.
Your final summary should reflect dearly and accurately what the author has said. An inaccurate summary may be worse than no summary at all. An effective method of testing the quality of your summary is to set it aside for a month or two and then reread it. If it still recalls the essential information for you and seems to express the material in a clear and exact manner, you have done a good job. If it does not, make another attempt. This time you will do a better job. This method, incidentally, may well be applied to other types of writing. Many young writers have been advised to put their material aside for a while. If a piece of writing seems as good a year or two later as the day they finished it, they can begin to feel that it will stand the test of time. The same thing, of course, applies to what someone else has written and you have read. If you think a book you read several years ago was the best you have known, reread it. Don't be surprised if you find yourself sadly disappointed.
Good summaries serve many purposes. Everyone, from a professional to a house person, needs and uses them.
Doctors may have to summarize a report of their findings in a particular case for a medical board. They will have to read the summaries of other doctors and summaries of the latest medical research in their field. Lawyers need to prepare a summary, or brief of their case before they present it in court. Their summary usually takes the form of a sentence outline, and many an early career is hurt by an inability to present a clear and accurate brief. A junior executive may write a summary of a long report for the president of the company. Electrical engineers will summarize their findings to formulate their plans. A student prepares summaries for use in a term paper. 51. In the author's opinion,____
A. the better your note-taking skill is, the more efficient you are in making summaries. B. the more decisions you make, the better your summaries will be. C. the more you read, the more time you need in making summaries.
D. the higher your reading efficiency, the better your note-taking skill is. 52. According to the author, a good summary must be____
A. concise and accurate. B. expressive and intensive. C. illustrative and insightful. D. applicable and elaborate.
53. Many young writers are advised to put their writings away for a while so as to____
A. wait for comments to come in from their readers. B. see if their works are still as good as they were.
C. see if there is any more change to make. D. see if the method of summarizing applies to other types of writing. 54. “If it does not, make another attempt\ try to____ A. make another summary. B. test the quality of your summary once more. C. set aside your summary for a little longer and then reread it. D. recall the essential things once again. 55. The last sentence of the second paragraph implies that____ A. rereading is usually not as interesting as the first reading. B. summary is not as easy to write as other types of writing. C. young writers do not write good works. D. many books can't stand the test of time.
56. Which is the best conclusion we can draw from the last paragraph? A. Many kinds of careers require a good ability of briefing. B. Professional jobs mainly involve the skill of summarizing. C. A student good at summarizing will become a good lawyer. D. Only house persons do not need the technique of summarizing.
(2)
Even though you may be excited about relocating, you may still mourn the loss of a familiar home, way of life, family and friends left behind. “Underestimating the emotional impact of moving is the biggest mistake people make,\says Patricia Nida, psychologist and relocation consultant. “People think there is something wrong with them if they can't cope with the emotional upheaval of moving. They don't realize it's normal.\California, it took her nearly a year to feel rooted in her new community. Then two years later, the family moved back to Oregon, and she had to readjust all over again. “When we moved to California,\When we came back, I couldn't get used to them. Each time we moved, I felt like I lost a part of myself.\
Although everyone who moves feels this loss of identity to some extent, it's usually most disastrous for a nonworking wife, says Dr Seidenberg clinical professor of psychiatry. “Her identity,\the community. Relocating wipes it all out. Every time she moves, she has to re-establish her credentials.\
“You cope by reaching out and finding activities and people that interest you,\spouse-job-related moves. \
Don't avoid saying good-by. It may seem easier at the time, but in the long run, it can create a greater sense of loss. Resist the temptation to sever ties with your old neighborhood. Maintain relationships. Allow yourself to go through the emotions associated with moving, without criticism. When you acquire your new living quarters, introduce yourself to your new neighbors. Write ahead to your new house of worship and community organizations for information on activities and services. When you finally move in, you will feel more a part of the new community. Establish family traditions that move with you. Doing things together as a family makes you feel at home, no matter where you
live, Moving is a difficult experience, but it also has many advantages. Psychologists say it stimulates growth, makes us adaptable, broadens our scope and gives us the opportunity to make new friends and enjoy new experiences. As a nation and as individuals, we are strengthened by our pioneer spirit. And if we can save on wear and tear--all the better. 57. When people move, they____
A. make the biggest mistake. B. minimize their losses. C. have mixed feelings. D. are in trouble. 58. Researchers found that many people____
A. are ashamed of being sentimental about life. B. don't realize that it is normal to move. C. spend years deciding where to settle down. D. often fall to see the advantages of moving. 59. Housewives are the worst sufferers from relocating because they____
A. have to find their identity again. B. don't know how to make new friends.
C. feel it difficult to get used to different climate. D. have to move when their husbands get new jobs. 60. The author advises the reader to take thing easy by____
A. keeping the family tradition. B. cutting ties with the old living quarters. C. moving ahead of time to the new residence. D. resisting the temptation to show emotion. 61. In conclusion, the author proposes that people should____
A. learn to be more positive about moving. B. move more frequently if they can.
C. be economical when they move. D. carry on the pioneer spirit and move to the West.
(3)
Protection of the environment is based on a principle that is beginning to be used in the field of jurisprudence (法学). The principle has to do with property rights. The idea is that we all have a property right in the air and water around us. If a business firm pollutes that air or water, their act in so doing constitutes damage to something we own--- just as if the firm had dropped a smoke bomb down our chimney. Our legal case against such a firm is then based on the complaint that we deserve compensation for an infringement of our right to use our private property as we please
(provided we don't interfere with the same rights of a neighbor). Assuming we win the case, the offending firm then has to pay us for damaging our property--the air or water we “own\
And so protection of the environment, specifically the control of pollution, now rests on the idea that we, as members of the public, share a right to clean air and water and to the good health that clean air and water quality can give us. But, as always, costs and benefits are involved in any decision to improve the environment.
In an Adam Smithian, self-interested world, entrepreneurs or businessmen are expected to increase their profits as much as possible. The natural way to do this is to produce at the lowest possible cost. But at whose cost? it is obviously cheaper for entrepreneurs to dump waste into the nearest stream or into the atmosphere than to truck it to some waste disposal facility or to filter it as it comes out of smokestacks. Therefore, what may be sensible for entrepreneurs may not be desirable for the community.
Here is a classic trade-off: When the government intervenes to force entrepreneurs to stop polluting, entrepreneurs have to adopt more expensive means of production or waste disposal. Inevitably, they will charge higher prices, and, given no change in demand, the quantity demanded will drop and workers will be laid off. The trade-off is therefore cleaner air and water or more unemployment. This is how economists view this problem. 62. According to the passage, the unlawfulness of pollution is relevant to its____
A. increasing consumption of natural resources. B. mining effects on the world environment.
C. damage to the property owned by other citizens. D. straining of the relations between enterprises and communities. 63. The word “infringement\
A. violation of the law enforced. B. interference with freedom of action.
C. conservation of air and water. D. principles in upholding justice
64. It has been legally decided that the air and water people use can be considered the same as____ A. a piece of private land. B. a smoke bomb down the chimneys. C. a legal case against a firm. D. a dispute among the neighbors.. 65. From the third paragraph, we can conclude that____ A. entrepreneurs are more sensible than the community.
B. the community expects entrepreneurs to increase their profits as much as possible. C. in terms of waste disposal the interests of the enterprise and the community conflict D. the community desires the waste m be carried to any other places.
66. To clean up the pollution it creates, according to the passage, industry will invariably____ A. increase its profits. B. do so at the consumers' expense.
C. have to develop its production D. go into a lawsuit against the community. 67. Some economists maintain that____
A. we will either sacrifice employment for cleaner environment or vice versa.
B. there is no compromise between the government and entrepreneurs or between the latter and the community. C. the entrepreneurs will need more workers to clean up air and water under the pressure of the government. D. pollution control will inevitably result in change in demand on the market.
(4)
Scientists assume that the creation of the island of Itua occurred several thousands of years ago as a result of a huge volcanic eruption in the nearby Polynesian Island. They hypothesize that the volcanic ash blew several hundreds of miles and settled on a previously small reef, building it up to its current size of eight hundred square miles. Over the centuries that followed, plant spores were carried by the wind, landed on Itua, and grew, then animal life followed. The scientists are uncertain, however, how non-swimming, non-flying animal life made it to the island.
Itua is uninhabited. There are traces that lead sociologists and scientists to assume that at one time a very primitive culture survived on the island for a short while. It is assumed that warriors in boats stopped at the island and perhaps left captives there, who bred and began a small populace. Best estimates state that the society never had more than a hundred people and died out within two to three generations. Scientists are thoroughly confused as to the cause of the extinction of the community. Skeletons that have been unearthed have given no biological reason; the plant and animal life should have been sufficient to support many more people that were ever on the island.
Currently, military experts are considering putting a small missile site on Itua. Its strategic location would be excellent for a compact nuclear power site with several small missiles and bombs. However, the island is so far from other military bases and supply lines that the sociologists worry that the people manning the base would become
mentally distressed in the state of isolation they would necessarily be subjected to. It would be economically unfeasible to have all the comforts of society shipped to Itua to help support the morale of those forced to live on it.
The second possible use for Itua is as a nuclear waste dump site. A large company is willing to pay the cost of transporting its nuclear waste to the island (such a cost would be tax deductible under a new federal law) and would provide yearly monitoring of the site to make certain that no radiation was escaping. Opponents of the corporation's request point out that the area around Itua is subject to frequent volcanic eruptions, one of which might spew any buried waste into the atmosphere or into the ocean, causing untold harm.
68. Which of the following theories do scientists give as a possible reason for the creation of Itua? A. Gradual accumulation of soil and dust particles. B. Volcanic eruptions with blowing ask
C. Earthquake upheavals of the ocean bottom. D. Breaking apart from and drifting away from a large land mass. 69. According to the passage, the best estimate of the age of Itua is____
A. a million years. B. less than a hundred years. C. several thousands of years. D. less than a thousand years.
70. According to scientists, why did the human rife on Itua not survive?
A. Plant and animal foods were insufficient for the island inhabitants. B. No theory is given.
C. Disease exterminated the population. D. Attacks by warriors killed the males. 71. According to the passage, the major argument against putting a missile site on Itua is that____
A. the cost of keeping military personnel on the island to safeguard and operate the missiles is unfeasible. B. missiles are too dangerous to put in a volcanic, eruption-prone area. C. nuclear disarmament should be practiced immediately.
D. the US should not be given permission to place the missiles on Itua by the small country that claims the island. 72. Why is the corporation willing to use Itua as a dump site for its nuclear waste? A. Because it is far enough from humans not to endanger them. B. Because it is on a convenient freighter route.
C. Because the corporation already owns land on Itua.
D. Because the transportation of the waste would be tax deductible. 73. Which of the following is unknown by scientists?
A. Whether humans ever inhabited the island. B. How swimming mammals came to Itua. C. How non-flying non-swimming mammals came to Itua. D. How plant life came to the island. 74. The author's primary purpose in writing the passage is to____
A. discuss the history of Itua. B. criticize the suggestions of a nuclear waste dump site on Itua. C. explain the termination of population on Itua. D. give possible uses for Itua. 75. The passage would most probably be found in____
A. a children's book. B. a news magazine. C. a history book. D. an adventure story. (5)
In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial (司法的) system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants -- and the litigants, or parties, sometimes have to wait many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of alleviating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.
One suggestion that has been made, in an attempt to maximize the efficiency of the system, is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that
pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.
Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading __ the litigants need to make only a one- sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff (原告) gives up any right to a jury trial and the fight to appeal the decision.
In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have yard claims are going to be able to have their day in court. 76. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except____
A. narrow the issues. B. cause early settlements. C. save judicial time. D. collect more evidence. 77. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. All states should follow California's example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other work B. The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.
C. Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficient. D. While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions for improvement, 78. The word litigants means most nearly____
A. jury members. B. commentators. C. parties in a lawsuit. D. taxpayers at large. 79. Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?
A. The accusing party can appeal to a higher court if he wants to. B. The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form. C. The court's decision may not be appealed to a higher court.
D. The parties may not present their cases without an attorney's help. 80. What can we assume from the passage?
A. Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law. B. Many people are unable to bring a case to court because of the cost and time required. C. The judicial system in the United Stales is highly acclaimed for its efficiency. D. Pretrial conferences will some day, probably have replaced trials completely. PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points) Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
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