Passage Three
Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guidelines that ban or prohibit classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association of Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fair projects.
Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high school students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, president of the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, said students have been casually performing surgery, testing known toxic substances, and running other experiments on animals without even knowing normal physiology.
At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard (蜥蜴) to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound a few birds, starved the, and observed their behavior. \
Administrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers policy change and the impression it has created. The teachers \the International Science and]Engineering Fair.\cold water on students inquisitiveness, he said.
Grafton said he wouldn't deny there hasn't been animal abuse among projects at the international fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. The judges have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fair's rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said.
He said that several years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when sponsors threatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups pressed for change.
Officials of the two teachers' organizations say that they don't know how much animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals. On the other, use of animals in experiments has dropped in recent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members.
61. According to the passage, animal welfare groups have succeeded in____ A. stopping all animal abuse in schools.
B. urging two national science teachers associations to adopt an animal protection policy. C. banning animals from being experimented with in extracurricular projects. D. establishing laws that ban school experiments harming animals. 62. From the passage we can infer that____
A. some experiments with animals performed by students are unnecessarily cruel. B. it is dangerous for students to perform surgery because they are too young. C. animals should not be killed because many of them are becoming extinct. D. younger students are crueler than elder ones in treating animals. 63. Why are administrators of science fairs angry?
A. Because teachers do not seem to support science fairs. B. Because they have been cheated by Barbara Orlans.
C. Because they have been held responsible for butchering animals. D. Because they think home animal experiments shouldn't be banned.
64. Which of the following is NOT an inference from Grafion's account of Westinghouse Science Talent Search? A. Grafton and his colleagues have always been resisting harmful experiments on animals. B. Banning harmful animal experiments may mean running the risk of losing financial support. C. Animal welfare groups have been closely watching any possible harm done to animals. D. There had been no animal abuse found in the Westinghouse projects.
65. Compared with home experiments or science fair projects, the situation in classroom animal abuse seems____ A. worse due to lack of funding. B. more difficult to define. C. better because of teachers' training. D. tough to be controlled. 66. Thurman Grafton suggests that____
A. animal abuse is horrible and should be terminated in any circumstances.
B. the teachers are making a wrong change in policy to ban all animal experiments.
C. the International Science and Engineering Fair will cease to operate because of the new policies. D. experiments on animals will help develop students' curiosity.
67. It can be seen from the passage that the teachers ban harmful experiments to animals in order to____ A. maintain ecological balance. B. please animal welfare groups.
C. get financial support from their sponsors. D. protect necessary harmless experiments on animals. Passage Four
Music is the result of thought in the form of attitude, or stance. There is no one way of thinking, since men's values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific ways of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black man's music changed as the changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within change contexts. It is why the music changed that seems most important to me.
When jazz first began to appear on the American scene during the twenties, in one form or another, it was
introduced in many instances by white Americans.Yet its original conception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or empirical ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by white
musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musician was, at its most profound, a learned art.
The blues, for example, which I take to be an autonomous black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white American culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However, the way in which jazz utilizes the blues \music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.
Thus, the trumpets of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle-class boy from Iowa was an inborn intellectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the ritual of his culture. On the other hand, Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional archetype, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society: Beiderbecke, because of his isolation and deviation from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.
68. Which of the following best states the underlying idea of the passage?
A. Because of environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different. B. Because it is the result of thought, the music of black artists can be learned by white musicians.
C. Because jazz is primarily a musical form created on inspiration, it is difficult for one musician to copy the style of another.
D. Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be underestimated.
69. With which of the following statements about the relationship between blues and jazz in American culture would the author be most likely to agree?
A. Jazz placed more emphasis on Afro-American culture than did the blues. B. Jazz changed the attitudes of white musicians toward Afro-American culture.
C. Jazz was based on the blues attitude, but expressed it in a manner that was comprehensible to white musicians. D. Jazz was a form of music that had to be understood in order to be played, whereas the blues had to be learned. 70. Why does the author the blues an important part of jazz? A. It expresses the attitude from which jazz developed. B. It formed the musical foundation for jazz.
C. It provided a way to merge black's and white's attitudes to music. D. It provided a transitional style from older to more modern jazz form. 71. The tone of the author's discussion of the blues is primarily one of____
A. indifference. B. appreciation. C. curiosity D. uncertainty. 72. The author states that he is primarily concerned with discussing____
A. the stability of attitudes and contexts. B. the ways in which changing social contexts affect attitudes. C. changes in jazz forms since the twenties. D. human factors influencing musical change. 73. According to the author, Beiderbecke and Armstrong were similar in which of the following?
A. The attitudes they brought to their music. B. Their ability to reflect other cultures in their music. C. Their relationships to the cultures of their ancestors. D. The positions they came to hold in American society. 74. The author implies that the kinds of music produced by Beiderbecked and Armstrong differ greatly because____ A. the attitudes of blacks and whites as reflected in their music are necessarily different. B. Beiderbecke's intellectualism hampered his development as a musician. C. rebellion acted as a destructive force on Beiderbecke's performance.
D. Armstrong was well established as a performer and Beiderbecke was not. Passage Five
Different types of premodern societies can be identified not only on the bases of their family and kinship structures and their methods of production, but also on the basis of their political systems--that is, the procedures they adopt to regulate social relations among their members. Broadly, two types of political systems can be distinguished among premodern peoples: states and stateless societies.
States possess centralized authority, administrative bodies, and judicial organs--in short, a government. Stated may contain only one ethnic (种族的)group, or they may include several distinct peoples. In either case, a central ruler, usually a king or supreme chief, has authority over all the people in a given territory, whether they belong to one ethnic group or to many. The ruler's power may be abused, but such power is recognized as legitimate. Disputes between
individuals, authority usually possesses an organized armed force that can carry out its will. In such societies, differences of wealth, privilege, and status are common and usually correspond closely to differences in power and authority. Stateless societies lack centralized authority. This does not mean, however, that they have no political system. It means that their system is hard for many people to understand. In such societies lineage (descent), not territory, is the basis of social organization. In one common pattern, everyone in a village belongs to one of two lineage groups that are believed to share a common ancestor. Most social activities (such as planting or marketing) are carried out within these
groups. The whole village population, however, forms one lineage unit in relation to the population of a nearby village, with whom they are believed to share a more distant ancestor. The same is true at higher levels.
In these societies there are no permanent governing bodies; there are only relations between groups. When members of two lineage groups in a village have a dispute, elders of the two groups mediate. Disputes involving persons in two villages are settled by the elders of the villages. If force is used, it must be met with opposing force: there is no central armed force to which an individual or a group can appeal.
In stateless societies, extremes of wealth and status are rare because they threaten the consensus on which such societies depend. Yet stateless societies need not be small. Populations as high as on million have been organized on this basis. Nor are stateless societies necessarily different from states in actual kinship structures, religious practices, or methods of production.
75. According to the passage, states and stateless societies differ primarily in____ A. the methods of production they use. B. the size of their populations. C. their religious beliefs and kinship rules. D. their authority structures. 76. Which is true of premodern states referred to in the passage?
A. They may have significantly greater social tensions than stateless societies. B. There are no sharp differences of status among the members. C. They are always composed of several distinct ethnic groups. D. They have higher populations than stateless societies.
77. According to the passage, which statement best describes the relationship between wealth and political power? A. Extremes of wealth are most likely when there is no central authority.
B. Political power and wealth are most likely to be concentrated in different hands. C. Centralized authority is only possible if no grou0p has extreme wealth.
D. The distribution of wealth and that of political power are likely to be similar.
78. Premodern states possess specialized administrative bodies, while stateless societies do not, most probably because premodern states____
A. are more economically developed. B. experience a larger number of disputes among their citizens. C. have permanently existing governments. D. experience more challenges to the territorial unity of the society. 79. The author probably thinks that the political system in stateless societies is \(paragraph 3) because____
A. such societies have been insufficiently studied.
B. little is known about how such societies actually function.
C. the political system in such societies is very different from that in most modem societies.
D. although such societies do manage their affairs, they cannot accurately be said to have a political system. 80. According to the passage, an agricultural society could be____
A. a state. B. a stateless society. C. either A or B D. neither A nor B.
PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points) Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. The way that people spend their money, and the objects on which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, the way people see themselves and the fantasies they have about their lives, the restrictions on money available to them, the presence of others in the family with a claim on that money, and the influence of current convention, upbring, surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important human activity.
Yet shoppers are faced with a confusing situation and a rapidly changing one. The confusion arises from the claims made by advertising, from inadequate information about products, new products, new materials, new places to shop--a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a wider choice of goods than ever before. Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English.Write your English Version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. 地球上生物物种估计在500万到800万之间，其中科学家已经记叙的才140种。专家认为，在今后的20-30年，25%的世界生物物种有面临灭绝的危险，这对世界范围的农业、医学和工业将造成严重的影响。 PART VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)
A Letter to the Chairman of Your Department
Directions: Write a letter to the chairman of your department, giving him or her your comments on the school work during the past semester. You can make complaints, offer constructive suggestions or affirmative evaluation on the courses available to you, or on classroom teaching, lab work, research sources or any other aspects of the education you are receiving. Don't try to touch on all the problems at one time, because this is going to be a short letter of no less than 120 words.
Key For your Reference
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D ll. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B
26. D 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B Part Ⅲ Cloze Test
36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension
51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. A 61. B 62. A 63. C 64. D 65. B 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. B 71. B 72. D 73. D 74. A 75. D 76. A 77. D 78. C 79. C 80. C Part Ⅴ Translation Section A: English to Chinese
人们花钱的方式及花钱买什么样的东西，是仅存的可以表现个人爱好(选择)及个性的生活领域了。这种爱好反映个人品位，对自己的看法，对生活的憧憬，经济条件的局限，共同消费的家庭成员，以及社会当前的习俗、教养、环境、地段对个人的影响。购物是一项重要的人类活动。
然而，购物者们正面对一种急速变化、令人困惑的局面，这种困惑来自广告的宣传，来自对产品、新产品、新材料、新购物地点等情况的缺乏了解——这种困惑因物价不断上涨，物品选择范围比以前任何时候更大而加剧。 Section B: Chinese to English
Estimates of the number of living species on Earth vary from 5 million to 8 million, of which only 1.4 million have been described. Experts believe that 25 percent of the Earth's total biological diversity is at the risk of extinction during the next 20 to 30 years, with serious world-wide implications for agriculture, medicine and industry.
June, 1997
PAPER ONE
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A ( 1 point each )
Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The questions and the conversations will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter A. B, C or D on your Answer sheet.
1. A. Traveling a lot. B. Working too hard.
C. Waiting for the train. D. Getting a lot of exercise. 2. A. About their friend Vicks. B. About their children.
C. About Vicky's new home. D. About a new way of cooking.
3. A. Students. B. Passengers C. Businesspersons. D. Reporters.
4. A. At ten o'clock. B. At ten thirty C. At eleven o'clock. D At eleven thirty. 5. A. They have the same amount of memory, but one is faster.
B. They are the same speed and have the same amount of memory. C. One has more memory and is faster.
D. The slower one has a greater capacity for memory.
6. A. He was released from the hospital. B. He is angry because he is in the hospital. C. He writes his article as usual. D. He has stopped writing because he is ill. 7. A. The winter has just begun. B. Once it starts, it'll snow a lot.
C. They're ready for the snow. D. It has been snowing for some time.
8. A. He wants to stay in school longer after graduation. B. He needs more credits before he can graduate. C. He is going to drop out of school. D. He has taken all his classes in his major. 9. A. \ B. \ C. \ D. \Section B (1 point each)
Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read to you only once. After' each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.
10. A. In San Francisco. B. Near the island of Nimi. C. In the Pacific Ocean. D. Along the U.S. Coast.
11. A. The earthquake was serious. B. New earthquakes are not expected. C. An island was destroyed. D. It was a mild earthquake.
12. A. They will be of high intensity. B. They will occur along the coast
C. More earthquakes of unknown intensity will occur. D. They are predicted to occur 100 miles away. 13. A. Literature. B. Geography. C. Statistics. D. Biology.
14. A. They will have to repeat the previous session. B. They will not be given any special consideration. C. They will be dropped from the class. D. They will have to stay outside the lab.
15. A. They can make up the classes if they pay. B. They may be allowed to remain if they have a good excuse. C. They will have to repeat the lecture and the lab class. D. They can complete the lecture first. PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 minutes, I0 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each )
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer sheet. 16. She was a short, sturdy woman in her late riffles. A. clever B. stubborn C. energetic D. strong 17. A wholesome diet is a must for energy and alertness. A. delicious B. healthy C. favorable D. luxurious 18. She asked each of us .in turn what we had been doing. A. in progress B. in succession C. in vain D. in consequence
19. The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.
A. overpowering B. overpassing C. overtaking D. overthrowing
20. The managers are talking about the necessity of supporting such attributes as personal motivation and pride of their employees.
A. advantages B. shortcomings C. interests D. qualifies
21. In order to maximize profits, the manufacturer is looking for suitable ways of expanding production. A. measure B. assess C. increase D. reduce
22. It was reassuring to hear John's familiar voice; we haven't heard from him for a long time. A. comforting B. distressing C. offending D. defending
23. The president-elect made a speech in which he repeatedly affirmed a commitment to lower taxes. A. raised B. protested C. offered D. confirmed 24. He said that after the tournament he would probably leave the team for good. A. permanently B. temporarily C. simultaneously D. instantly
25. The most perceptive of the three, she was the first to realize the potential danger of their - situation. A. reflective B. responsible C. curious D. insightful Section B (0.5 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. 26. In order to solve a difficult problem, scientists often start with a_____.
A. prohibition B. hypothesis C. conformation D. modification 27. A dog ran in front of the ear and the driver____ to avoid knocking it down. A. swerved B. withheld C. swayed D. transferred
28. Many farm families were isolated from their neighbors. The____ was because of the large distances between farms.
A. dispersion. B. separation C. distribution D. exclusion 29. I think Tom has become more ___ of opinions different from his own. A. endurable B. tolerable C. tolerant D. bearing
30. The arguments for and against the scheme have been _____ in a booklet which will appear shortly. A. set up B. set out C. set back D. set about
31. The public security personnel have taken all the _____ they can against the precious painting being stolen on exhibition.
A. attentions B. considerations C. calculation D. precautions
32. The drivers who refuse to_____ with the traffic regulations in the rush hours receive a severe punishment. A. connect B. confine C. comply D. conform 33. He raised a problem which is hard enough to______ even the teacher.
A. fascinate B. perplex C. induce D. manipulate 34. The naughty boy was ____ severely for his rude behavior.
A. reproached B. esteemed C. expelled D. fascinated 35. In spite of the difficulties we were facing, we decided to _____ to the program. A. adhere B. subject C. prefer D. appeal PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of the most suitable word(s) marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. Communication is further complicated when people do not share the same culture. Think of 36 you show
embarrassment, for example. 37 are that you blush or lower your head. By contrast when embarrassed, Japanese 38 laugh or giggle, while Arabs 39 their tongues slightly.
Understanding the meaning of a message requires special 40 and skills when business communicators are from different culture. Negotiators for an American company learned this lesson when they were in Japan looking for a
trading 41 in the Far East. The Americans were quite pleased after their first meeting with 42 of a major Japanese firm. The Japanese had nodded assent throughout the meeting and had not 43 to a single proposal. The next day, 44 , the Americans were stunned to learn that the Japanese had rejected the entire plan. In 45 the nonverbal behavioral messages, the Americans made a typical mistake. They assumed the Japanese were nodding __46 agreement, as fellow Americans would. In this case, however, the nods of assent indicated comprehension- not approval.
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