成人学位英语(3)

3.___nothing more to discuss, the secretary got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.

? A. as being B there was C, for being D there being with (without) 引导的分词的独立结构。

1）He walked across the meeting room ____everyone looking at her.

? A. with B. as C. while D. when

2）With the old man ______the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.

A. leading B. led C. lead D. to be led 各种从句 主语从句

由连词that, whether 引导的主语从句中，that, whether 只起引导作用， 不担任成分， 不能省略。

That the earth is round is true. (It is true that the earth is round.) ______was unimportant.

A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner C. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner

? 以关系代词what, whatever, whoever…引导的主语从句。What 有时可以用来表示

the thing which 这种意思，表示一样东西或一件事情。在句子中担任成份， 不能省略， 语序为陈述句的语序。

1.________I saw was two men crossing the street.

? A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That 2.________was not the way the event happened.

? A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported ? C. what did the press report D. What the press reported

句型It is desirable (suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent) +that+主语+should (可省略)+V(动词原形)。

1.It’s urgent that a meeting _______before the final decision is made.

? A. will be arranged B. must be arranged ? C. be arranged D. would be arranged

2.It is highly desirable that a new president _______for this university.

A. is appointed B. will be appointed C. be appointed D. has been appointed 表语从句

? 用suggestion 等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时， 用虚拟语气， 从句中用should

(可省略)+动词原形。

The general’s command was that the soldiers _____their fort and carry out more important tasks.

A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left ? 宾语从句

? 宾语从句用陈述句的语序

Can you tell me ______about the city that makes people love it so much?

? A. it is what B. what it is C. what is it D. is it what 介词后面的宾语从句

1.The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ______she had gone.

A. where that B. of where C. of the place D. the place

2.He was a man of fine character in all points ______he was rather timid.

A. in that B. except that C. for that D. except for

suggest, insist, order, demand等动词后作宾语时， 表示欲望、建议、命令等时， 用虚

拟语气。

His mother insisted that he _____the coat when going out.

A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on ? 在下列情况下不能用if , 而用whether。

后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.

前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could find the necessary money. 引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.

? 后面直接跟or not ：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not. 定语从句

1.He talked about the teachers and schools ___ he had ever visited.

A which B. that C. whom D. who

2.The company official _______I thought would be fired received a raise.

A. whom B. whoever C. who D. of whom 3.To get the job started, ___ I need is your permission.

A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 4.They had a meeting at ___ he addressed the current situation.

A. that B. which C. whom D. where 介词+关系代词

The world in which (=where )we live is made of matter.

The man to whom you are talking is the manager of our company.

名词（代词）+介词+关系代词

There are nine planets in the solar system, some of which are much larger than our

earth.

? There are some new terms in the article, the meaning of which may be difficult to the students.

1.Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _____she belonged.

A. which B. to where C. to which D. at which

2.The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____are separated from the others by land or water.

A. them B. that C. which D. those 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别

非限定定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，对被修饰的名词起附加说明， 有一定的独

立性， 即使去掉， 主句的意思仍然完整， 只是内容不够具体。

所用的关系代词与限定性定语从句基本相同， 但不能用关系代词that 引导。

An old friend from abroad, ______I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.

A. that B. whom C. who D. which

用that 不用which的情况

1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.

? I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.

2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.

? He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited. 3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which. ? This is the best novel that I have ever read.

4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.

? The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on hi

m.

5.当先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which. ? It is the only book that he bought himself.

6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which. ? You can take any room that you like.

7.当主句是以which/who开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.

? Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? 8.在强调句型\中,只用that,不用which. ? It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago. 用as 不用which的情况

? 在\句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which. ? We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature. ? 表示\正如... 那样 \正象...\之意时, 用as, 不用which. ? Mary was late again, as had been expected.

? As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which

引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。

? As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

The most important thing____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 同位语从句

同位语从句的先行词常为某些抽象名词，如：news ; belief ，idea; fact; possibility; question; thought; promise; information; message; decision 等。

1.Would the news ______ he failed to pass the exam bother you?

A. which B. that C. of which D. on which 2.I have no idea _____ he has already gone abroad

A. which B. that C. when D. where

如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion, advice; order; request proposal 等名词

的时候， 谓语动词用should+原形动词。should 可以省略。

3.The order that the prisoner ____ free arrived too late.

A be set B should set C would been set D set

主谓一致

1．谓语动词用单数

以单位数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。

To work hard is necessary.

? Reading without comprehension is no good.

事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称（专有名词）用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

? The United States was formed in 1776. Roots is a novel about a black family.

表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语，习惯上用单数谓语动词。如：

? Two weeks was too long. ? Ten dollars is a small sum. Five times five makes twenty five.

表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

? Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.

有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。如：

? The news is a great encouragement to us.

1.To master the spirit of a foreign language___ not easy.

A . is B. are

2.All that can be done______.

A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done 3.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.

A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided

4.The news coming from different parts of the world __ often extremely discouraging these days. A. was B. were

5.Every means ____ been tried. A. has B. have 6.Maths__ not easy to learn. A. is B. are

? 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟 as well as （以及），no less than （不少于…多达），rather

than(而不是)，more than （不止是，超过），but (除了)，except（除…外），besides (加之，还有)，with（和…一起，和…一块儿），along with (跟…一起)，together with（与…一起）等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

? Professor Baker as well as six of his students is attending a conference in Boston. 1.A woman with a baby ____coming here. A. is B. are

2.The girl as well as the boys___ learned to drive a car. A. has B. have

? 用and 连接的成分表示单一概念时，动词谓语用单数形式。如： 1.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.

A. has B. have C. are D. is

2.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is C. are

用and 连接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，意义为单数，动词

则相应地用单数形式。如：

1.Many a man__ the story. A. believe B. believes

2.The boy and the girl each___ their own toys. A. has B. have

谓语动词用复数

集体名词如people, police, public, youth等，常用复数形式的谓语动词。 Most police wear uniforms.

? 当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The English are more conservative and less talkative than the Americans.

某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： The rich are not always selfish. 谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数

就近一致: 有时谓语动词的人称和数和最近的主语保持一致：

用连词either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only …but (also)， or等连接的并列

主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。

1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 2.Not only a pen but also two books _______lost.

A. was B. were

3.Neither John nor I _____able to persuade Richard’s grandfather to attend the wedding.(03年11月)

A. am B. are C. are to be D. is

在倒装结构中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 Between the two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.

A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are

一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语有：a lot of (lots of ), plenty of, half of , two- thirds of , ninety percent of , part of, rest of , some of, none of 等。如： 1.A number of cars_______ in front of my house.

A. was parked B. were parking C. is parking D. are parked 2.Twelve percent of the workers here___ women. A. is B. are 3.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.

A. is B.are C.was D.were

? 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意义。当表示整体时，谓语动

词用单数；当主语强调集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数（意义一致原则）。 ? 如： family , army, audience, crowd, crew, group, police, public, staff, team等。 1.His family__ watching TV. A. is B. are

2.The audience ___ enormous. A. was B. were

3.The audience ___ greatly moved at the words. A. was B were 倒装句

部分倒装：1.Only放句首，引起句子的倒装 Only then _____the importance of English.

A. did I realize B. I realized C. realized I D. I had realized 2.only修饰主语，不倒装。 Only Tom knows the answer.

? 否定词（短语）放句首部分倒装。即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。 ? 表示否定意义的副词never, nor，neither,

? 表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few, seldom, little,

? 含有no和not的词组by no means（决不）, in no time（很快）, in no case (决不）

at no time（在任何时候都不），under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不）not until, not only…but also, no sooner than， hardly when， scarcely when等

Seldom ______ TV during the day.

A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch

? 以so开头,用 “so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于

另一个人或物，译作 “也，同样，也如此”。

? 表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “neither/nor＋助动词/情态动

词/系动词＋主语”。 译作 “也不是，也没有”。

1.She plays the piano very well, ______.

A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us 2.She is not fond of cooking, _____I .

A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do as引导让步状语从句

? Child as he is , he knows a lot. ? Much as I like it, I won’t buy it .

1._____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much

? 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , had可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件

句主语前构成倒装

2.________you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.

A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 强调

? 用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调 ? I ___ you about the meeting yesterday.

A did tell B tell C had told D would tell

强调句：It is/was + 被强调的部分+that (who)+其它成分

It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.

A. where B. in which C. which D. that

? not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+... It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.

A. and she B. when C. she D. that she

? 当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。主句倒装，从句不倒装。 Not until I reminded him for the third time ______working and looked up.

A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he stop D. that he stopped

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