成人学位英语(2)

1.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now. A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled C. won’t smile D. didn’t smile

2.If you ____that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy. A hadn’t watched B haven’t watched C wouldn’t have watched D didn’t watch

省略if而采用倒装语序的条件句

在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前

面， 省略if

1. before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful diner party.

A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive.

2._____you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.

A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 3.______, I should ask them some questions.

A. should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us

4._______for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.

A. Had it not B. If it were not C. Had it not been D. If we had not been 含蓄条件句

有的时间，假设情况并不是通过条件从句来表示，还可以用介词短语、上下文或其他方式来表示，其谓语动词也常常需要用虚拟语气。常用介词或介词短语有without, but for，otherwise, or.

1.Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _____well.

A. would not grow B. will not grow C. had not grow D. would not be grown 2.But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.

A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had

3.He must have had an accident, or he ______then. A. would have been here B. had to here C. should be here D. would be here

以wish (that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。 表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；

表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）； 1.I wish you _____like that.

A. don’t talk B. won’t talk C. wouldn’t talk D. not to talk 2.I wish you ______with us tomorrow.

A. would go B. did go C. had gone D. will go

3.Peter wishes that he _____law instead of literature when he was in college.

A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study

4.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _______there.

A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be 在as if , as though引导的从句中， 如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时， 它们所

引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气， 动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。

1.He talks as if he ____everything in the world.

A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known 2.He looked as if he ____ for a year.

A. hasn’t had meal B. didn’t have a meal C. hadn’t had a meal D. doesn’t have a meal

在具有愿望、请示、建议、命令等主观愿望的动词后的宾语从句中，需要用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。

? 常用的这类动词： insist（坚持），require（要求），request（要求）， suggest（建

议），propose（建议）， recommend（建议）， order（命令），command（命令，demand（要求），advise(忠告).

Father insisted that the homework _____before ten in the evening. A、is to be finished B、ought to be finished C、be finished D、had to be finished

在某些表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等形容词之后的主语从句，需要使用虚拟语气。其

结构是should + 动词原形或者只用动词原形。 常见的这类形容词有：necessary（必要的），important（重要的），essential（紧要的），

urgent（紧迫的），advisable（合理的），desirable（渴望的）.

I don’t think it advisable that Tim _____ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned

would rather (宁愿)用来表达主观意愿时，之后的宾语从句也需要用虚拟语气：would rather that+过去式

1.I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

? A. come B. had come C. came D. have come

It is time (high time) that …该做某事了。谓语动词用过去时 2.It’s high time we ___ something to stop traffic accident.

A do B will do C did D must do

3.Don’t you think it is time you __ smocking?

A give up B gave up C would give up D should give up 非谓语动词

1. 不定式 2. 动名词 3. 分词 动词不定式

考试重点：

动词不定式的基本结构和用法（尤其是复合结构，否定式，被动式，完成式等。） 省略to的情况

stop, remember, forget，go on…接不定式和动名词的区别。 ? have sth done 和have sb do sth 基本形式：

? 一般式： to make, to be made

? 完成式: to have made, to have been made

感官动词如hear, watch, listen to, notice, observe, see, look at 等接不带to的不定式做宾语

补足语。

1.They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

使役动词make, have, let后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语。 2.I would have you ___ if I got the message.

? A know B to know C. knew D. known 有些固定的结构接不带to的不定式

? do nothing/anything/everything but+ do sth ? can’t help but +do sth ? have no choice but+ do sth ? had better +do sth ? would rather+ do sth 接动名词和不定式意思不同：

? remember to do/doing ? forget to do/doing ? regret to do/doing ? stop to do/doing ? go on to do/doing

1.The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____.

A. on rest B. at rest C. resting D. to rest

2.Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.

A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched 3. ---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh, I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 特殊不定式短语（不定式的复合结构）： for/of+名词（代词）+不定式（短语）

1.It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.

A. for you to hand in B. that you hand out C. your hand in D. for your hand in 2.It is brave ___ ___ English at the age of 60.

A of her to learn B for her to learn C of her learning D for her learning

? have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法：

1.We are going to have our office _____to make room for a new engineer.

A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging 2.I’ll _____that I’m a qualified engineer.

A. have you know B. have known you C. have you knowing D. have you known ? need, want, require, deserve, demand, bear等动词后，跟不定式时，用被动形式表

示被动含义；跟动名词时，用主动形式表被动含义。此时主语多为物。

1.This book deserves mentioning / to be mentioned. 2.The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.

? 动名词 ? 考试重点：

? 动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否定式 ? 动名词做介词的宾语

? 常跟动名词的结构

常跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy finish, imagine, include, involve, miss, mind, suggest, etc. 1.People appreciate ___ with him because he has a good sense

A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. having worked

2.The police accused him of setting fire but he denied __ in the area on the night of the fire.

? A. to be B. to have been C. be D. having been ? 动名词用在介词后

object to, look forward to, dream of， put off, succeed in, feel like, think of, stop from, thank for , be used to, be accustomed to等。 ? It is no use…, ? It is no good…,

? It is useless…等句型跟动名词： ? It is no use crying over spilt milk.

? It’s no good trying to persuade him not to do that. There is no … 结构中…

? There is no point (in) arguing with him. ? There is no sense joking about such matters. ? 一些其它的结构也常要求用V-ing

? have trouble/difficulty / problem/ a hard time/fun (in) doing sth ? It is a waste of time/money doing sth ? spend time in doing sth ? feel like doing sth ? cannot help doing sth ? be busy/worth doing sth 动名词的被动式：

No one avoid _____by advertisements.

A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced

动名词的逻辑主语：当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。

He forgot about _____him to attend my wife's birthday party.

A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask 分词

考试重点：

分词在句中的作用

现在分词和过去分词的区别

分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致 分词的独立主格结构

with (without) 引导的分词的独立结构

the developing countries the developed countries the oppressing class the oppressed class

现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行； 过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。 作定语：

现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系).

a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping a running dog=a dog which is running a broken glass=a glass which is broken a beaten team=a team which is beaten 作宾补：

在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send 动词后面作宾语补语的成分

I caught him doing something else in class. We found the path covered white snow.

1.Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship ______with all kinds of goods.

? A. loading B. being loaded C. loading D. having loaded 2.The farmer caught the boys ___his apples.

? A. stole B. stealing C. to steal D. would steal 表语：

? 分词作表语当主语是指人时，多用过去分词，译成“某人对某人/物感到…” 主语指物时用现在分词，译成“某物是/使人、令人…的”

1.She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received.

? A. delighting B. delighted C. delights D. delight 2.My parents are _____ with my progress.

A. please B. pleased C. pleasing D. being pleased 作状语：

? 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随

等。

? He was sitting at his desk, looking at his watch. When heated, ice will be changed into water.

分词做状语相当一个状语从句。 现在分词与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，过去分词

与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。

1.___ full preparations, they thought it better to postpone the meeting till next week.

A Not to have made B. Making not C. Not having made D. Having not made 2.___, he felt too nervous to speak.

A. Having been watched by a crowd of people B. Watching by a crowd of people

C. Having watched by a crowd of people D. Being watched by a crowd of people 分词做状语时，逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。

? ____ from space, our earth ( with water covering 70%of its surface, ) appears as a

“blue planet.”

? A. Seen B. Seeing C. To be seen D Having seen 分词的复合结构：（分词的独立主格） 1._______, they went swimming.

A. Being a hot day B. It was a hot day C. Due to a hot day D. The day being hot

2.The whole group took part in the discussion, each member __the responsibility of leading one meeting.

A has B having C has had D had

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