1. Explain the following literal term. Metaphysical poetry
John Milton
1. Fill in the following blanks.
1). John Milton?s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, the early ______ works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great ______.
2). “Paradise Lost” is a long ______ divided into 12 books. The original story is taken from the “Genesis ” of the ______.
3). In “Samson Agonisten”, a fitting close to the life work of the poet himself, Milton, again borrows his story from the “______”.
4). The theme of Paradise Lost is “the Fall of ______”.
5). Milton?s epic poems were very much influenced by the ______ and the Greek classics, which are also the major sources of the whole English literature.
2. Answer the following questions: 1). In which way Agonisten is Milton himself?
2). Make a brief comment on John Milton?s literary achievements.
Chapter 2 The Neo-classical Period 一．重点
1． 识记：新古典主义、 启蒙运动、英雄双行诗 2． 主要作家及其代表作一览表 作 者 代 表 作 其 他
John Bunyun
The Pilgrim?s Progress The Vanity Fair
Alexander Pope An Essay on Criticism,
a finest mock epic: The Rape of the Lock, the best satire work The Dunciad
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift Gulliver?s Travels A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, A Modest Proposal
Henry Fielding
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling Comic epic in prose
Samuel Johnson
To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield A Dictionary of the English Language
Richard Brinsley Sheridan The School for Scandal The Rivals
3. Some important points:
1) The mark of the beginning of Neoclassical Period: return of the Stuarts to the English throne
The mark of the end of Neoclassical Period: the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge.
2) Enlightenment
Neo-classism (poetry and novel)
3) Bunyan ---- The Pilgrim?s Progress
The Pilgrim?s Progress by John Bunyan?s style was modeled after that of the English Bible.; religious allegory
4) Pope; On Criticism ;
Discussion: The theme and style of “An Essay on Criticism”
1) theme: it is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticisms. 2) style: a didactic poem written in heroic couplets. It is plain in style. The Rape of the Lock; a finest mock epic.
5) Defoe “Robinson Crusoe” (The social significance of the novel)
Robinson Crusoe is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson?s life on the Island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the Puritan fortitude. 6) Swift: A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books ; satirist Gulliver?s Travels, A Modest Proposal
Gulliver?s Travels is one of the most effective criticism and satires of all aspects in the English and European life
8) Fielding a. His position in literature
He was the first of all the 18th C English novelists to write the “comic epic in prose”, and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style He was regarded as “Father of the English novel”
b. the history of Tom Jones Prose Homer, comic epic in prose
9) Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson was the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman—A Dictionary of the English Language
“To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chestfield”
What is the significance of Samuel Johnson?s letter “To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chestfield?”
10) Sheridan : The School for Scandal Theme: morality
11) Gray: Leader of Graveyard School, best of the 18century Elegy written in a Country Churchyard (masterpiece) Theme and style:
Theme : in this poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrow of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. He reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring suffering on them.
Style: use artificial poetic diction and distorted word order make understanding of the poem somewhat difficult to understand.
二．练习：
Neoclassical Period:
1. Fill in the following blanks.
1). The neoclassical period in English literature refers to the one between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of ______ which came with the publication of “Lyrical Ballads” by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798.
2). The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works in the field of literature. This tendency is known as ______.
3). “The Pilgrim?s Progress” by John Bunyan?s style was modeled after that of the English ______. 4). “The Pilgrim?s Progress” by John Bunyan is the most successful ______ allegory in the English language.
5). “The Rape of the Lock” by Alexander Pope is a ______ epic.
6). “An Essay on Criticism”, a ______ poem, is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism.
7). “______” by Daniel Defoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.
8). The novel “Robinson Crusoe” consists actually three parts though only the ______ part is a most well-known and widely read.
9). The best fictional work of Jonathan Swift is ______.
10). Henry Fielding has been regarded as “Father of the English ______,” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.
11). “The History of ______” is Henry Fielding?s fictional masterpiece.
12). Of all the eighteen-century novelists, Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in ______”.
13). As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English ______ by an Englishman.
14). Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only important English ______ of the eighteenth century. 15). “The School for Scandal” written by Sheridan is mainly a story about two ______. 16). “The School for Scandal” has been regarded as the best ______ since Shakespeare. 17). “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, regarded as Thomas Gray?s best and most representative work, is written in the poetic form of ______.
18). In the 18th century English literature, the representative of neoclassicism is ______.
2. Answer the following questions:
1). What does Vanity Fair mean? How does the scene of the Vanity Fair reflect the theme of the allegory “The Pilgrim?s Progress”?
2). What is the theme and style of Alexander Pope?s “An Essay on Criticism”. 3). What is the significance of Alexander Pope?s “An Essay on Criticism” 4). What is the position of Henry Fielding in the history of English literature.
5). What is the significance of Samuel Johnson?s letter “To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield ”?
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period 一．重点
1． 浪漫主义及浪漫主义诗歌
2． 浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及主要特点 3． 《天真之歌》与《经验之歌》的异同。 4． Wordsworth 诗歌的艺术成就
5． Byron 诗歌的主题思想和主要特点， Byron 式英雄 6． 雪莱诗歌的艺术成就
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