She insisted on Peter’s/ Peter going there first. 四、分词独立主格结构
注意：动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
【误】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. （looking out through the window的逻辑主语是the garden，显然不对）
【正】Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
【误】Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. （逻辑主语是dog，它不会看晚报） 【正】I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.
如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，分词必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任，这种结构成为分词的独立主格结构，分词的独立主格不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构一般放在句首或句尾，作状语，表示时间，原因，方式等。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. Winter having come, it’s getting colder and colder. The table set , they began to have lunch. The homework finished, the child went to bed. You being busy with your work, I’ll go alone.
高中阶段有一些固定的-ing形式短语，如generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., supposing... ，taking everything into consideration…（全盘考虑）等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种-ing短语已经成为固定的用法 。
Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. Supposing it rains what will you do
动词-ing形式的被动式详解：
动词-ing形式的被动式, 其构成为 “being+动词的过去分词”, 可在句中作主语, 表语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 定语和状语, 但不能单独作谓语。 其完成式为having been done, 多在句中作状语。 动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。
1) 一般式: 在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作是现在正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动
作同时发生的，我们可以用一般式。
例1：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 例2：George didn’t like being kept waiting.
例3：I am not interested in the topic being discussed.
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例4：He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 此外, 动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。如： You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. He often watched the boats being unloaded.
As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.
而且在want, need, deserve, require等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动含义, 我们却用 动词-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：
The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样: Her method is worth trying.
2) 完成式：在表示一个被动动作时，完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.
【动词ing形式被动式在句中的功能】
(1) 作定语
That building being repaired is our library.
He asked who was the man being operated on.
(2) 作宾语
I don’t mind being laughed at. 还可以构成复合宾语：
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.
He often watched the boat being unloaded. (3) 作状语
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Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 一般完成被动形式只做状语：
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 即时检测：动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分? 1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 2. He didn’t mind being left at home.
3. That building being repaired is our library.
4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
非谓语动词之动词-ing形式【基础练习】
1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard 2. The teacher didn’t feel like ______ him on the spot.
A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected
3. With the old man ________ the way, we had no trouble in ________ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found 4. I remember __________ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid 5. He was seen ___________ out.
A. go B. to go C. went D. goes 6. He hasn’t got used ________ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living 7. We don’t allow ________ in the lecture room.
A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 8. I’m looking forward to __________ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard
9. She doesn’t mind _________ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left
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10. People from all the corners came to the city, __________ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making 11. ________ all the time is the key to _________ progress in English.
A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make 12. Only one of these books is ____________.
A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading 13. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 15._________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 16. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
17. One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 18. __________ at the door before entering please.
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
19. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 20. He sent me an-email, __________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 21. Tony was very unhappy for ________ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 22. Though ________money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 23. How about the two of us ________a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 24. ________is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 25. —I must apologize for ________ahead of time. —That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 【链接高考】
【全国卷,1】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
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A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
【全国卷2】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
【全国卷3】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 【北京卷4】It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 【上海卷5】It’s no use ____________ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 【山东卷6】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
【江苏卷 7】Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 【四川卷8】Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study
【陕西卷9】More highways have been built in China, ___it much easier for people to travel. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
【湖南卷 10】Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
第五课时 单元自测
见百思英语P44单元过关 A卷
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