高中英语选修7unit3导学案 -(3)

Learning about a language is easier than using it. Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.

2．为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。注意动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。

It is no use crying over spilt milk. It's a waste of time arguing about it.

It ’s no good doing what you like, you have got to like what you do . [考例]1. How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden ? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

[考例]2. _______ is good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk [考例]3. It’s no good _____ anything at such times. A. saying B. to say C. being said D. to saying B．动词的-ing形式作表语

动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义： 1．表示主语的内容是什么。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. His hobby is collecting stamps. 2．表示主语具有的特征。 The problem is quite puzzling.

It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world. The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.

比较： 一般说来，动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。

They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. （泛指） Would you prefer to stay at home this evening.（具体）

[考例]1. The speech was very ______, and we were ______ to tears. A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moving; moved D. moved; moving [考例]2. Her job is _____ all the children .

A. look after B. looking after C. to look after D. having look after C．动词的-ing形式作宾语

动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 1．作动词的宾语

①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词

这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。

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I suggest doing it in a different way. They didn't mind being treated like guests. They admitted smoking/having smoked in the hall. I regret saying/having said what I said. He couldn't help laughing.

I can't imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you.

必背：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：

admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 耽搁enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅feel like 意欲finish 完成forgive 原谅give up 放弃cannot help 情不自禁imagine 设想keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意miss 逃过put off 推迟practice 练习risk 冒险

②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语

这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况： a. 有些动词，如continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。 They prefer spending /to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. I intend to buy /buying an English-Chinese dictionary. b、跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可，但意义相差很大的动词 这类动词常用的有：

① try：try to do sth. 尽力做难做的事；try doing sth. 试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事。 He tried to stand up but failed. Let’s try telling him about the sad news.

② regret：regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾；regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔。 I really regret missing/having missed his lecture. I regret to tell you that I cannot come.

③ can’t help：can’t help doing sth.禁不住；can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干… I couldn’t help shaking with so few clothes on. I can’t help to clean the place up.

④ mean：mean to do sth. 想做； mean doing sth. 意味着。如： Wasting time means killing life.

Revolution means liberating the productive forces.

⑤ forget：forget doing sth. 忘了已做过的事； forget to do sth. 忘记将要做的事。如： I forgot telling him about the news.

Don’t forget to wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning.

⑥ go on：go on doing sth. 继续干未干完的事（强调动作的持续）； go on to do sth. 继续干另一件事（强调事情的转接） The old man went on doing his work after a short rest.

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The old man went on to play another song.

⑦ remember：remember doing sth. 指记着做过的事； remember to do sth.记着要做事。如： Please remember to come on time.

I still remember being taken to the Science Museum for the first time. ⑧ stop：stop to do sth. 停下正在做的动作去做另一动作； stop doing sth. 停止做动名词所表示的动作。如： We stopped (in order /so as) to have a rest. Don’t stop trying once again.

c. need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用-ing形式比较普通。

Your composition needs correcting /to be corrected. His coat wants cleaning /to be cleaned.

The old woman requires looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. [考例]1. The man insisted _____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding

[考例]2 . ---- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ----- Well, now I regret _____ that .

. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done D．动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语

1． 动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语.

We heard the children shouting upstairs.

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. I felt my heart beating violently.

2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别

在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。

He saw a girl getting on the car. (She was getting on the car.)

He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door？(Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)

3．动词的-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。 They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.

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I won't have you running about in the room. We kept the fire burning all night long.

[考例]1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

[考例]2. Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run E．动词的-ing形式作定语

1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室 running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋 a working method = a method of working工作方法 例如：

a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool 游泳池 a dining car 餐车 a walking stick 手杖 a waiting room 候车室

②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家

an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题

The working people are masters of our country. 劳动人民是我们国家的主人。 Let sleeping dogs lie. 不要惹麻烦。

例如：a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧 an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险 boiling water正在沸腾的水 a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿 failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力 2．作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. They lived in a house facing south.

The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. F．动词的-ing形式作状语

动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. （= When she saw those pictures...）

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. （= After we have made full preparation...） [考例] The old man , ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked

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[考例] ______ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. （= As I don't know his address...） Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. （= Since he was ill...） [考例]_____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. （= ... and left him a lot of money）

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. （= ... and broke it into pieces...） [考例] European football is played in 80 countries , ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to made 4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. （= If you go straight down the road...） Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. （= If you work hard at your lessons...） [考例] ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.（= Although they knew all this...） 6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. （= ...and stared at the sky for a long time） She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. （= ...and carried a lot of books） [考例]. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 三、动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语

比较：He insisted on doing it himself. 他坚持要自己做。（doing it的逻辑主语是句子的主语“他”） He insisted on my doing it. 他坚持要我做。（doing it的逻辑主语是“我”）

Would you mind opening the window 请你把窗子打开好吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“你”） Would you mind my opening the window 你介意我把窗子打开吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“我”） 如果动词-ing 形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般在 ing形式前加物主代词或名词所有格（即名词后加's），这种“逻辑主语+动名词”的结构称为动名词复合结构。在口语中，当这种结构用作宾语时，物主代词可以用宾格，名词还可用普通格来代替所有格。

His father's falling ill worried him greatly. （his father是falling ill的逻辑主语）

Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us. （you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语） Would you mind my/me using your telephone?

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