机关事业单位工人技术等级岗位考试试题

机关事业单位工人技术等级考试试题

简答题目录

1、什么叫浆砌石？它有哪些砌筑要领？···················································10 2、对模板的基本要求有哪些？···························································11 3、什么叫扣件式钢管脚手架？它有哪些特点？·············································11 4、手工除锈有哪几种方式？·····························································11 5、混凝土浇筑前应对模板、钢筋及预埋件进行哪些检查？···································11 6、砌筑前的准备工作一般有哪些内容？···················································11 7、模板安装的程序是怎样的？包括哪些内容？·············································11 8、操作除锈机时应注意哪些内容？·······················································11 9、混凝土搅拌质量如何进行外观检查？···················································11 10、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································11 11、砖石砌筑的基本原则有哪些？························································11 12、定型组合钢模板由哪几部分组成？····················································12 13、钢筋为什么要除锈？································································12 14、搅拌机使用前的检查项目有哪些？····················································12 15、如何对混凝土拌合物进行检查控制？··················································12 16、简述砖基础检查项目和方法？························································12 17、滑模施工有哪些特点？······························································12 18、拆模应注意哪些内容？······························································12 19、钢筋的现场绑扎的基本程序有哪些？··················································12 20、混凝土工程如何对原材料进行控制检查？··············································12 21、砖墙面勾缝前，应做哪些准备工作？··················································13 22、滑模系统由哪几部分组成？··························································13 23、点焊时有哪些基本要求？····························································13 24、自卸汽车运输混凝土的安全技术措施有哪些？··········································13 25、墙混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？························································13 26、土石坝的渗透观测项目有哪些？······················································13 27、如何预防土石坝裂缝？······························································13 28、土石坝裂缝处理后如何进行土料回填？················································14 29、渠系建筑物如何进行日常养护？······················································14 30、渠道产生冲刷的原因有哪些？························································14 31、造成坝身渗漏的主要原因有哪些？····················································14 32、如何用导渗法处理土石坝的渗漏？····················································14 33、土石坝绕坝渗漏的原因有哪些？······················································14 34、如何抢护土石坝滑坡？······························································15 35、土石坝护坡破坏的类型及原因有哪些？················································15 36、什么叫设防水位？··································································15 37、什么叫管涌？······································································15 38、散浸出现的原因有哪些？····························································15 39、滑坡裂缝与纵向裂缝的区别有哪些？··················································15 40、为了使巡堤查险顺利进行，保证防汛安全，制定严格的制度。一般有哪些工作制度？········15 41、出现洪水漫顶的主要原因有哪些？····················································16 42、子堤型式有哪几种？································································16 43、堤防日常维护工作的主要内容有哪些？················································16

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44、漏洞险情出险原因有哪些？··························································16 45、防止漫顶的措施有哪些？····························································16 46、土石坝的变形观测的内容有哪些？····················································16 47、土石坝横向裂缝发生的常见部位有哪些？··············································17 48、坝下涵管产生管身断裂和漏水的常见原因有哪些？······································17 49、堤防中的隐患通常有哪些？··························································17 50、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································17 51、多孔闸门如何进行运行？····························································17 52、启闭机如何进行日常养护？··························································17 53、巡堤查险制度有哪些？······························································17 54、如何用视准线法进行土石坝水平位移观测？············································17 55、土石坝内部裂缝常常发生在哪些部位？················································18 56、化学灌浆的灌浆材料有哪些？························································18 57、水闸的观测项目有哪些？····························································18 58、堤基清理包括哪些内容? ····························································18 59、护岸工程水下护脚采用哪些方法? ····················································18 60、什么是抢险？······································································18 61、河道整治的措施有哪些？····························································18 62、修防工作的任务是什么？····························································18 63、防止风浪的抢护方法常用的有哪些？··················································18 64、堤身漏洞抢护原则有哪些？··························································18 65、简述堤防管理主要规定。·····························································18 66、简述脱坡产生的原因。·······························································18 67、堤坝出现翻砂鼓水应如何抢护？······················································19 68、水利工程中常用的石料有哪几种？····················································19 69、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································19 70、土方压实的目的有哪些？····························································19 71、对土石坝进行的巡视检查应注意以下要求。·············································19 72、土石坝的裂缝有哪些类型？··························································19 73、土石坝渗漏的危害性有哪些？························································19 74、常见的压渗型式有有哪些？··························································19 75、土石坝滑坡有哪些类型？····························································19 76、混凝土坝体散渗或集中渗漏的处理如何处理？··········································19 77、渠道滑坡如何进行处理？····························································19 78、风浪淘刷险情出险原因有哪些？······················································19 79、子堤型式有哪些？··································································19 80、混凝土及浆砌石坝渗漏类型有哪些？··················································19 81、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································19 82、启闭设备使用前应进行哪些检查？····················································20 83、土工织物的特性有哪些？····························································20 84、隧洞产生气蚀的主要原因有哪些？····················································20 85、渠道正常运用的要求有哪些？························································20 86、渠道的病害形式有哪些？····························································20 87、漏洞如何进行探测？································································20 88、试述纯土子堰抢护布置、材料、施工要求。·············································20 89、什么是管涌？一般发生在什么部位？其产生原因是什么？一般采取哪些方法抢护。···········20

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论述题目录

1、试述浆砌石砌筑工艺。································································20 2、砼常用的铺料方法有哪些？···························································21 3、滑坡处理注意事项有哪些？···························································21 4、散浸抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？·····················································21 5、如何构筑背河滤水围井减压？·························································21 6、崩塌抢护原则和抢护方法有哪些？·····················································22 7、闸顶漫溢如何进行抢护？·····························································22 8、如何组织浆砌石基础砌筑施工？·······················································22 9、土石坝的裂缝如何进行观测？·························································22 10、如何采用开挖回填的方法处理裂缝？··················································23 11、土石坝护坡如何进行永久加固修理？··················································23 12、管涌抢险方法有哪些？······························································23 13、风浪抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？····················································24 14、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································24 15、混凝土麻面产生的原因有哪些？如何预防和处理？······································24 16、混凝土拌和的安全技术措施有哪些？··················································24 17、选择压实机械主要考虑哪些原则？····················································25 18、砌石工程施工质量如何进行控制检查？················································25 19、渠道如何进行砌石衬护？····························································25 20、紧邻水平建基面的爆破开挖要求有哪些？··············································25 21、梁、板混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？····················································26 22、钢筋安装质量控制的基本内容有哪些？················································26 23、梁、板混凝土结构因尺寸较小，施工中应注意哪些问题？································26 24、屋面柔性防水结构如何组织施工？····················································26 25、试述土石坝日常维护工作。···························································27 26、试述岸坡崩塌险情产生的原因及抢险方法。·············································27 27、试述土石坝绕坝渗漏的处理措施。·····················································28 28、试述抢堵堤防决口的方法。···························································28 29、崩塌抢护原则和抢护方法有哪些？····················································29 30、堵口的方法有哪些？································································29 31、试述土石坝坝身渗漏的形式及原因。···················································30 32、混凝土建筑物止水破坏后如何处理？··················································30 33、试述出现漫顶的原因和抢护原则。·····················································30 34、试述土石坝滑坡的处理。·····························································31 35、试述堤防的养护要求及方法？························································31 36、试述管涌险情的抢护？······························································31 37、干砌石施工必须注意哪些因素？······················································32 38、管涌抢护原则及抢修方法有哪些？····················································32 39、岸坡崩塌险情及出险原因有哪些？····················································32 40、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································33

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一、选择题

1、处于潮湿环境或水下使用的砂浆应用(A.水泥砂浆)。

2、砌筑块石挡土墙时，两个分层高度间的错缝不得小于(C.8 )cm。

3、砖墙预留的过人洞，其侧边离交接处的墙面应不小于(C.50)cm，洞口顶部宜设置过梁。 4、平拱砖过梁适用于跨度不超过(A.1.8)m的门窗洞口。

5、当竖向模板最低处高于地面( D.10 )m时，应考虑各方向风荷载作用的抗倾稳定。

6、模板安装时，凡属承重的梁板结构，跨度大于 4m 以上时，跨中应预留起拱高度．每米增高(C.3)mm，两边逐渐减少，至两端同原设计高程等高，

7、扣件式钢管双排脚手架的小横杆靠墙一端应离开墙体装饰面至少 (A.100)mm。 8、Ⅰ级钢筋单面搭接焊最小搭接长度不少于(D.8)d(钢筋直径)。 9、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D.l5)mm以下的钢丝。

10、钢筋扳子的扳口尺寸要比弯制钢筋大(A.2)mm较为合适，过大会影响弯制形状的正确。 11、手弧焊接作业，焊机必须装设接地线。地线电阻不应大于(C.4)Ω。 12、锥螺纹套筒连接，所连钢筋直径之差不宜超过 (D.9 )mm。 13、搭接钢筋为受压钢筋时， 筋间距不应大于(B.10)d。

14、砂砾地基应清除杂物，整平基础面，并浇筑(C.10～20)cm 厚素混凝土垫层。

15、设计配合比中的加水量根据(C.水灰比)计算确定，并以饱和面干状态的砂子为标准。

16、在完成混凝土搅拌机检查工作后，即可进行开盘搅拌，为不改变混凝土设计配合比，补偿粘附在筒壁、叶片上的砂浆，第一盘应减多加水泥、砂各(B．15)%。 17、溜管卸料时，其出口离浇筑面的高差应不大于1.5m。并利用拉索拖动均匀卸料，但应使溜管出口段约 (B．2 ) m长与浇筑面保持垂直，以避免混凝土料分离。随着混凝土浇筑面的上升，可逐节拆卸溜管下端的管节。 18、用表面式振捣器在双层钢筋结构中浇筑层的允许最大铺料厚度为(B．120)mm。 19、人工平仓用论铁坛锹讨，平仓距离不超过(C.3)m。

20、振捣棒在每一孔位的振捣时间，以混凝土不再显著下沉，水分和气泡不再逸出并开始泛浆为准。振捣时间和混凝土坍落度、石子类型及最大粒径、振捣器的性能等因素有关，一般为 (B．20～30)s。

21、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为:平、稳、满、错四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于（B.2～3）。

22、筑圆形建筑物(如水池)一般采用（B. 顶砌法）， 法全部采用丁砖，便于砌筑成所需的弧度。 23、墙身砌体高度超过地坪（A.1.2 ）m以上时，应搭设脚手架。

24、滑模施工在滑动过程中，要求各千斤顶的相对标高之差不得大于（D.40）mm。 25、木脚手架的搭设时，对于单排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过（B.20）m。

26 、钢筋的贮存堆放时，钢筋下部应垫高，离地至少（B.20 ）cm高，以防钢筋锈蚀。

27、钢筋在使用前必须经过调直,钢筋调直后其表面伤痕不得使钢筋截面积减少（D.5 ）％以上。 28 、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用（A.1）m以上长度的钢管套压。

29、如果有多台对焊机并列安装时，两台焊机之间的距离最少要有（B.3）m，并且要求接在不同相位的电源上。 30、乙炔钢瓶必须安放在垂直的位置。当瓶内压力减低到（A.0.2）MPa 时，应停止使用。 31、根据施工规范规定：直径在（B.25）mm以下的钢筋接头，可采用绑扎接头。 32、焊接与绑扎接头距钢筋弯起点不小于（B.10）d，也不位于最大弯矩处。

33、施工规范对配料精度(按重量百分比计)的要求是：水泥、掺合料、水、外加剂溶液为±（A.1）%。

34、搅拌机运输时，应将进料斗提升到上止点，并用保险铁链锁住。轮胎式搅拌机的搬运可用机动车拖行，但其拖行速度不得超过（B.15）。如在不平的道路上行驶，速度还应降低。

35、溜槽为钢制槽子(钢模)，可从皮带机、自卸汽车、斗车等受料，将混凝土转送入仓。 坡度可由试验确定， 采用（D.45）左右。

36、开始浇筑前，要在岩面或老混凝土面上，先铺一层（B.2～3）cm 厚的水泥砂浆(接缝砂浆)以保证新混凝土与基岩或老混凝上结合良好。

37、台阶浇筑法浇筑块的台阶层数以（D.5～10）层为宜，层数过多，易使下层混凝土错动，并使浇筑仓内平仓

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振捣机械上下频率调动，容易造成漏振。

38、振捣棒的插入深度，在振捣第一层混凝土时，以振捣器头部不碰到基岩或老混凝土面，但相距不超过（C.5）cm为宜。

39、硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土养护时间不少于（B.14）d。 40 、块石基础每天可砌高度不应超过（B.4.2）m。

41、堤防压实质量控制指标是土的干密度，一般设计要求应达到(C、1.5) t/m 以上。 42、堤防灌浆压力一般控制在(C、98)kPa。 43、纯土子堰顶宽一般为(B、1.0)m。

44、土料的密度、含水量、(B、可松性)等主要工程性质对土方工程的施工方法、施工进度均有很重要的影响。 45、推土机适用于堆筑高度在(A、1.5)m以内的路基、渠堤等。

46、拖式铲运机的运距以不超过(D、 800 )m为宜，当运距在 300m左右时效率最高。 47、土石坝清基应把坝基范围内有机质含量大于(B、2)%的表土清除掉。

48、土石坝坝面取样所测定的干密度试验结果，其合格率应不小于(D、90) %，不合格干密度不得低于设计值的 98%，且不能集中出现。

49、钢模板的宽度以 (50)mm进级，长度以(150)mm进级，其规格和型号已做到标准化、系列化。 50、模板拆除中，当梁的跨度为 5m 以上．要求达到设计强度的(D、100 )％； 51、木脚手架的搭设时，对于双排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过(C、30) m。 52、钢筋、钢丝、钢绞线应作成批验收，每批的数量应小于(D、60)ｔ。 53、Ⅱ级钢筋受拉区钢筋绑扎接头的最小搭接长度(B、35)d。

54、在水利水电工程施工中进行钢筋代换时，某种直径的钢筋以钢号相同的另一种钢筋代替时,其直径变更范围不宜超过(D、4)mm。

55、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D、5)mm以下的钢丝。

56、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用(A、1)m 以上长度的钢管套压。 57、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤(B、海塘)：

58、采用抛石方法抢护坝基岸基础淘刷时，抛投块石的重量一般在 (C、30～70)kg： 59、排水设备应设置在堤坝(D、下游)部位。

60、建基面终验清理完毕或施工缝处理完毕养护一定时间,混凝土强度达到(A、2.5)MPa 后,即进行钢筋的绑扎与安装作业。

61、水体某一固定地点的自由水面高出基面的高程称为该地点的( ④水位 )。 62、江河渠道中水体流动的速度称为( ②流速 )。

63、 位时间内通过河道某一断面的流体体积称为( ②流量 )。

64、堤防工程的级别根据防护区内各类防护对象的重要性和规模划分为( ③5 )级。 65、采用机械方法填筑土堤时，施工段长度不少于( ④200 )m。 66、堤防施工清基范围应超出设计边线( ③30～50 )cm。 67、纯土子堰应修在堤顶面( ①临水 )堤肩一侧。 68、纯土子堰临水坡脚一般距堤肩( ③0.5～1.0 )m。 69、纯土子堰顶宽一般为( ②1.0)m。

70、砂石导渗沟一般沟深为( ③0.5～1.0 )m。 71、砂石导渗沟一般沟宽为( ③0.5～0.8 )m。

72、修筑梢料反滤围井时，铺料顺序为( ①细梢料、梢料 )。

73、在背水坡处理管涌险情时，切忌用( ④不透水材料 )强填硬塞，以免断绝排水通路，增大渗压，使险情恶化。 74、在漏洞口切忌乱抛( ④砖石 )等块状材料，以免架空， 使漏洞扩大。

75、子堰修在临河侧，堰脚至堤肩应留出( ②1.0 )m 的宽度，以便于施工及查水。 76、渗漏已在涵闸下游堤坡出逸时，防止流土或管涌等渗透破坏，致使险情扩大，需在出渗处采取( ③导渗反滤 )措施。

77、干砌石施工前，为了防止地下渗水逸出时把基础的土粒带走，在干砌石下面应铺设( ②反滤层 )。

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