Unit1(3)

26.I wanted to conduct my own defence in court …: I wanted to defend myself in court instead of hiring a lawyer… conduct:v.

1) manage; direct; carry out 引导，指导，执行 The manager conducted his business efficiently.

The company conducted实施 a survey to find out our reaction to the product. 2) stand in front of a group of musicians or singers and direct their playing or singing.

管弦乐队由一位著名的指挥家指挥。

The orchestra is conducted by a famous conductor.

3) allow (heat or electricity) to travel along or through

Plastic and rubber don?t conduct (传导)electricity, but copper does. CF: conduct, direct & lead 这些动词都含“引导”之意。

conduct正式用词，指“引导某人去某处”，强调亲自带领；也强调监督管理一群有共同目的或目标的人。

例如：The chairperson conducted the hearing. 主席先生主持了这个听证会。 direct指“为某人指方向”，但自己不一定亲自引路，也可表示指导一群人的事或活动。例如：The border guard directed me to hand over my passport. 边防战士指引我去交护照。

lead指“走在前面给某人引路或带路人共同去达到某一目标”。用于抽象意义时，指在某项活动或运动中起主导和组织作用。例如： The horses were led to safety 马匹被带到安全地带。 Collocations:

conduct an experiment / an inquiry ( a survey) 做实验/进行调查

conduct heat / electricity 导热 / 电

2. n. the way one behaves, esp. in public, in their jobs, etc.

The children?s conduct（举止，行为） at the meeting was very good.

27. witness: a person who gives evidence in a court of law; a person who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened

According to witnesses, the car used for the robbery was a green van. Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.

28.call on: appeal to; require要求; invite (sb. to do sth. ) 拜访 call on sb.

call on sb. to do sth Pattern:

I?ll call on Jean（吉恩，男名） for an answer. 他被邀请在宴会上发言。

He was called on to speak at the banquet（宴会）.

29. My ?trail? didn?t get that far.: My ?trail? ended before it reached the stage when witnesses would be called on to give evidence.

The adverb ?far? here means ?to a certain point, degree, or stage?. I didn?t know biological science had got that far. How far can he be trusted?

He went so far as to cheat openly on exams.

Trial: the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law court

Putting people in jail without trail is not democratic. The young man is going on trial for armed robbery.

30.The magistrate dismissed the case…

As a rule, the Magistrates? Court consists of three magistrates, with one speaking for the others in court. dismiss: v.

1)refuse to consider someone?s idea, opinion, etc., because you think it is not serious, true, or important; if a judge dismisses a court case, he or she stops it from continuing不再考虑或谈论

He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic. 由于证据不足法官不受理此案。

The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence. 2) remove someone from his job解雇，开除

If you?re late again, you?ll be dismissed from your job. 3) allow someone to go 使退去，解散

The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes early. Collocations:

dismiss sb. (from a job) for sth.因??解雇某人 dismiss the charges against sb.驳回对某人的指控 dismiss the class下课

31.stand a chance: have a chance

I would apply for the post if I were you. I think you stand a good chance. 他既有学位又有丰富的经验，所以他想自己有希望得到这个职位。

With a degree and rich experience, he thought he would stand a chance of getting the post.

32.getting costs awarded against the police: … getting the magistrates to make the decision that the expense of the case(诉讼费) should be paid by the police.

The word ?costs? refers here to the expenses of a lawsuit or case which the court requires the losing party to pay.

He was jailed for 6 months and ordered to pay $500 costs.

award: 1. v.

1) officially give someone sth. such as a prize or money to reward（由于…而给予…的报酬） them for sth. they have done授予，奖给

Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievement in physics（物理学）.

The university awarded him a scholarship.

The soldier was awarded a medal for his bravery.

2) officially decide that someone should receive a payment(赔偿) or a formal agreement

He was awarded his damages（损害赔偿） by the court. CF: award& reward

这两个动词均有“给予奖励”之意。

award 强调指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。 reward指所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。 Directions:

Fill in the blanks with award or reward

1.The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt in the explosion.

2.He gave the children some chocolate to reward them for behaving well.

3.She wanted to the cleaners for their efforts.

2. n. sth. such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for sth. they have done。奖品，奖金

Roise was in London to receive her award as “Mum of the Year”. 保罗获得年度最好学生奖。

Paul obtained the award as “The Best Student of the Year”. Collocations:

Awardsth.to sb. / award sb. sth.把??判给；授予 be awarded sth. for (doing) sth.因??而被授予?? award a prize to sb. for (doing) sth.因??向某人授奖 gain / obtain / win an award获奖 present / make an award授奖，颁奖

33.a criminal record: a record to show that one has committed a crime or

crimes

34. I had the ?right ? accent.

This roved that he was well-educated.

Accent: the way in which people in a particular area or country pronounce words

She spoke with a slight southern accent. Paul speaks French with an English accent.

35.respectable: adj. someone who is respectable behaves in a way that is considered socially acceptable 这是一对值得尊敬的老夫妻。

This is a respectable old couple.

It?s not respectable文雅的，体面的 to be drunk in the street. CF: respectable& respectful

这两个形容词均可表示“可尊敬的”之意。

respectable指因品质、人格或身份等高尚或高贵而受到他人的尊敬。例如 They are poor but respectable. 虽然他们贫穷，但他们是值得尊敬的.

respectful 指对某人表示尊敬或敬意。例如：

I wish you would be more respectful to your teachers. 我希望你们更尊敬你们的老师。

36.Given the obscure nature of the charge…: Considering the obscure nature of the charge…

The charge against the narrator- wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence-was very vague or unclear. The magistrate might find him guilty if he had a criminal record, or the magistrate might find him innocent if he had reliable witnesses to prove his good character. given:

1. prep. considering, taking sth. into account, as far as sth. / sb. is concerned Pattern:

given + n.

given + that-clause

考虑到当时的情况，你们那个问题处理得很好

Given the circumstances, you?ve coped with the problem well enough. Given their experience, they?ve done a good job.

Given that none of your friends offered you any help when you were in trouble, what would you think of them? 2. adj. certain; previously arranged 他们没有在指定的时间见面。

They didn?t meet at the given time.

37.….and (if I) had really been umemployed…

The narrator was not really umemployed because he was a young man about to go to college. He was looking for a job not to support himself but to save up some money to go travelling.

38.there is every chance that I would have been found guilty.: … it is very likely (or chances are) that the magistrate would have decided me to be guilty.

The verb ?to find? here means ?decide or declare (sb.) to be (guilty or

innocent)? (裁决)

The jury found the accused man guilty/innocent.

He was found guilty of murder/embezzlement/taking bribes/passing on secret papers to a foreign country. guilty: adj.

1) having committed a crime or an offence

A 23-year-old woman was found guilty of murder in the Central Court today. The man was found guilty of passing on secret papers to a foreign country. 2) feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that you have done something wrong 我为再次忘记她的生日感到内疚。

I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday again.

Bob felt guilty that he had not made an attempt to save her. Collocations:

be guilty of a crime feel guilty about sth find sb. guilty guilty conscience guilty acts

the guilty party 犯罪

为??感到内疚 判某人有罪

感到内疚，内心有愧 罪行

有罪的一方

39…. My solicitor?s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a ?brilliant academic record.?…my lawyer?s argument very clearly centred on the fact that I had a very good record as a student. Revolve around: Brilliant: revolve: v.

1) go round in a circle around sth.; rotate 地球既公转又自转。

The earth revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.

Don?t open the washing machine when it revolves at high speed. 2) havesth. as a main subject or purpose He revolved the main points in his mind. 他希望等他将问题考虑成熟后再作回答。

He wishes to revolve the problem before giving an answer. CF:

revolve, rotate, roll & circle

这些动词均有“转动、旋转”之意。

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