第一套英语试题(4)

disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor disabilities can induce severe stress.

Intervention programmes that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation positively can reduce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 programme also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reducing stress and improving sleep in caregivers.

Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. One study, for example, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines, both physically and emotionally. Anxiety disorders

People who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to experience specific events as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as \Nevertheless, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disorder did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress (heart rate, blood pressure, release of stress hormones) compared to people without anxiety. Lacking a social network

The lack of an established network of family and friends predisposes one to stress disorders and stress-related health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile, reported that older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing situations, such as low income or lower social class. Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to discuss negative feelings as a means to relieve their stress.

Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very good networks of social support. One study indicated that support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a stressful event. Many studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure.

1. According to the passage, stress and consequent effects can rise from conditions in which a person has to face challenging situations alone. A. Y B. N C. NG

2. Immune regulated diseases are related to stress because such diseases tend to undermine the response to stress. A. Y B. N C. NG

3. If a mother suffers from stress, her children should learn how to deal with stress at an early age. A. Y B. N C. NG

4. The failure in building a solid relationship with others can become stressful to a girl in her teens. A. Y B. N C. NG

5. Although they announce stress reduction is necessary, many companies in fact push their people to bear more burdens from work. A. Y B. N

C. NG 6.

To reduce stress, employees should talk to the managers directly about the stress they are facing. A. Y B. N C. NG 7.

The responsibility of taking care of a disabled family member can incur stress and the related negative physical effects to other family members. A. Y B. N C. NG 8.

Under a related programme in 2002, caregivers were expected to reduce stress by

. 9.

people are likely to feel more stressful at specific events if they are sensitive or have

. 10. People tend to be attacked by stress and related health

problems when they didn't have an accepted

. Part 8 Multiple choices

(每小题：1 分)

Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage.

All parents have sky-high hopes for their children. We want them to be confident and content. What can parents do to help their kids grow up to lead happy, productive lives? Experts advise: 1. Helping them find their talents. In order to flourish, children

need to feel they are good at something. But sometimes parents need to nudge their kids to help them find their niche (合适的位置). So expose your children to as many interests as possible, then let them choose those they like best.

2. Applauding their accomplishments. A study found that students whose parents fussed over their abilities were far more likely to do well in school—and in life—than students whose parents didn't show such support. So celebrate your kids'

achievements, no matter how small and find a place to prominently display their trophies, awards and artwork. These reminders of past achievements will give your child the self-assurance he needs to meet the next challenge.

3. Giving them responsibilities. Responsibilities help youngsters grow into mature, competent and self-motivated adults. So assign your children household chores when they are young—even four-year-olds can pitch in by picking up their dirty clothes and helping to set the table.

4. Letting them make decisions and mistakes. Making their own decisions increases a child's sense of control and boosts their self-esteem. And allowing kids to make wrong decisions—so long as doing so won't harm them—helps kids learn from their mistakes. 5. Encouraging them to solve their own problems. As they grow, children need practice in communicating, standing up for themselves and compromising. One of the best places to learn these skills is at home. So the next time your child runs to you complaining that her brother is picking on her, step back and let them work it out. Of course, you'll need to enforce a few ground rules such as no swearing or hitting. But, for the most part, try to stay out of it.

6. Enjoying them. Do things with your kids, not just for them. Tell them over and over how important they are to you and how much they please you. And laugh with them every day. All of this tells kids they are important, which helps them to develop a positive, confident self-image that can last a lifetime. 1.

Children are likely to do well in school if their parents ________________.

A. have high expectations on them

B. appreciate their achievements

C. put great pressure on them

D. expand their range of interest 2.

B. so as to relieve themselves

C. so as to enhance children's sense of responsibility

D. so as to share the heavy housework 3.

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Parents should stand up for children whenever they are needed.

B. Parents should try to settle the dispute among children.

C. Parents should stay out of any conflict among children.

D. Parents should encourage children to communicate with each other. 4.

It's advised by experts that children should ________________.

A. try every means to please parents

B. be entitled to make family decisions

C. be encouraged to solve their own problems

D. learn to make good decisions at an early age 5.

In writing this passage, the writer means to ________________.

A. criticize some wrong ideas held by parents

Parents can assign children housework ________________. A. when they are teenagers

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