第一套英语试题(3)

C. production

D. productivity 6.

But they can't ________________ specific objectives and initiatives until they know where they are starting from. A. figure on

B. check out

C. impose on

D. map out 7.

Although humans were not born with wings, they could ________________ how to make their own wings. A. map onto

B. figure out

C. check out

D. haul up 8.

Our ________________ Threat Protection is a unique set of technologies that protect against identity theft, confidential data leakage and all Internet threats. A. Twofold

B. Twice

C. Dimensional

D. Triple 9.

Once you have a theory, it's not too hard to find evidence to ________________ it, at least until some other theory comes along.

A. realize

B. materialize

C. substantiate D. fulfil

10. I prefer white wine to red and I sometimes keep a bottle of

champagne in the fridge ready for any ________________ celebrations. A. provisional

B. impressive

C. impromptu

D. permanent

Part 7 Fast reading

(每小题：1 分)

Directions: Read the following passage or passages and then answer the questions. There may be two types of questions for Questions 1-7 in each passage. 1) choose Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, choose N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage, choose NG (NOT GIVEN) if the

information is not given in the passage; or 2) choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same passage.

Factors for Stress and anxiety

At some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience stressful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechanisms. In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and

anxiety mainly are as follows: Risk factors

Conditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negative physical effects include the following:

1. An accumulation of persistent stressful situations,

particularly those that a person cannot easily control (for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship)

2. Persistent stress following a severe acute response to a

traumatic event (创伤性的) (such as an automobile accident)

3. Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart

disease

People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors:

1. Early nurturing: Abusive behaviour towards children may

cause long-term abnormalities in the

hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates stress. 2. Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits

that cause them to over-respond to stressful events.

Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a more or less efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin regulation that was connected with a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress. (Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.)

1. Immune regulated diseases: Certain diseases that are

associated with immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthritis (风湿性关节炎) may actually weaken a response to stress.

2. The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer

the duration and more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects.

Childhood factors

Children are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate their feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they

have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known cause, may be indicators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility to stress.

Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly stressed (particularly if they were depressed) tend to be at high risk for developing stress-related problems. This may be especially true if the mothers were stressed during both the child's infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea that stress during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the infant's mood and behaviour. Older children with stressed mothers may become aggressive and anti-social. Another study suggested that

stress-reduction techniques in parents may improve their children's behaviour.

Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source and effects may differ. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more likely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress. Work and stress

In a study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were 147 per cent higher in workers who were stressed or depressed than in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40 per cent of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health hazard. Several studies are now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smoking or not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassment or even violence while on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and circulation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi. Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to stress reduction, put intense pressure on individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there are numerous effective

management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one study, at the end of 2 years, a company that instituted a stress management programme saved nearly $150,000 in workers compensations costs (the cost of the programme was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace

stress-management programmes. In one of the studies, workers with hypertension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief (16-hour) programme that helped them manage stress behaviourally.

In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programmes, and it is usually up to the employee to find their own ways to reduce stress. Here are some suggestions:

1. Seek out someone in the human resources department or

a sympathetic manager and communicate concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that

productivity can be improved if some of the pressure is off. 2. Establish or reinforce a network of friends at work and at

home.

3. Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary tasks. 4. Learn to focus on positive outcomes.

5. If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career

change. Send out resumes or work on transfers within the company.

6. If this isn't possible, be sure to schedule daily pleasant

activities and physical exercises during free time.

It may be helpful to keep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish companies, those who worked in a bureaucracy had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social supports. Caregiving

Studies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality rates were over 60 per cent higher in caregivers who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly vulnerable to a range of

stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart

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