必修三unit5知识点(3)

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

同位语从句

是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。

详细信息 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语

Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. 2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children 3. 直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds, ―Did she die young because she was a clone?‖ 4. 句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 同位语从句用法 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较\固定\

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won．

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 同位语从句-引导词

同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 连词that引导同位语从句

（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 （注：if不能引导同位语从句）

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 其它引导词引导的同位语从句

连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.（what作定语）

2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 连接副词when, where, how, why

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 同位语从句-相关语法

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 二、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？

三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为―建议；命令；要求‖的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用―should +动词原形‖的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer. 四、同位语从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。

How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?

代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

I owe it to you that I am still alive.

有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于―主语+be+表语‖结构。

You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)

同位语从句-语法区别 与定语从句的的语法区别： 1．意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. (that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will come .(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..(定语从句） 同位语从句-特殊形式

1.间隔同位语从句

同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。

A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday

简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句 2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。

简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用―(should+)动词原形‖的形式，其中should一词可省略。

3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句

I will come on condition that John is invited.

简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。 同位语从句-雅思例句

1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.

2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.

4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.

同位语从句练习题

用适当的连接词填空：

It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.

2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.

3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.

5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -- Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7. Word came____I was wanted at the office.

8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.

10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants. B.单项选择

It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.

A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3.--What are you anxious about? -- ____

A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.

A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.

A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____. A. where B. there C. which D. that 8.--What do you think of China?

--____different life is today from ____it used to be.

A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.

A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that

练 习 二

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which

2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why

3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when

4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D. it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./

6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which

7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that

8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what

9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which

10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A.whether B.where C.that D.when

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