英语详细答案(6)

overt and hidden assets and potentialities. Two persons thus fall in love when they feel they have found the best object available on the market, considering the limitations of their own exchange values. Often, as in buying real estate, the hidden potentialities which can be developed play a considerable role in this bargain. In a culture in which the marketing orientation prevails, and in which material success is the outstanding value, there is little reason to be surprised that human love relations follow the same pattern of exchange which governs the commodity and the labor market.

同这一因素密切相关的是当代文化特有的另一个特点。我们的整个文化是以购买欲和互惠交换的理念为基础的。现代人的幸福在于看着商店橱窗时的兴奋，在于用现金或分期付款购的方式购买所有他们买得起的东西。于是，他（或她）也以同样的方式去看人。对男人来说，有魅力的女孩子是他要追求的对象，而有魅力的男人对于女人也同样如此。“有魅力”通常意味着在个性市场上那些人们喜欢并追求的一组优秀的品质。特别使人有魅力的东西，无论是精神上还是物质上，都是由时代的风尚所决定的。在20年代，一个抽烟、喝酒、泼辣、性感的女孩是有魅力的；今天的风尚更多地要求贤惠和娇羞。19世纪末和本世纪初，男人必须雄心勃勃、敢作敢为才能称得上有魅力，而如今男人则必须善于交际、宽容大度。无论如何，通常只有在这些人性化的商品在自身有可能进行交换的情况下，才会培养起爱上某人的感觉。我一心要做一笔交易；对象不但应有合意的社会价值，同时考虑到我本人公开和隐蔽的资产和潜在能力，对象也应该需要我。这样，当两个人考虑到自身交换价值的局限，认为自己已经在市场上找到了最好的对象时，他们就开始恋爱了。像购买不动产一样，能发展的潜力在这种交易中常常起着相当大的作用。在一个市场导向占主导地位，物质上的成功具有突出价值的文化中，人的爱情关系遵循商品和劳动力市场支配交换的同一模式，也就不足为奇了。

The third error leading to the assumption that there is nothing to be learned about love lies in the confusion between the initial experience of “falling” in love, and the permanent state of being in love, or as we might better say, of “standing” in love. If two people who have been strangers, as all of us are, suddenly let the wall between them break down, and feel close, feel one, this moment of oneness is one of the most exhilarating, most exciting experiences in life. It is all the more wonderful and miraculous for persons who have been shut off, isolated, without love. This miracle of sudden intimacy is often facilitated if it is combined with, or initiated by, sexual attraction and consummation. However, this type of love is by its very nature not lasting. The two persons become well acquainted, their intimacy loses more and more its miraculous character, until their antagonism, their disappointments, their mutual boredom kill whatever is left of the initial excitement. Yet, in the beginning they do not know all of this, in fact, they take the intensity of the infatuation, this being “crazy” about each other, for

proof of the intensity of their love, while it may only prove the degree of their preceding loneliness.

导致爱无需学习这一看法的第三个错误，在于将“爱上”一个人的初始体验和“爱”一个人（或不妨说是“处于”爱一个人）的永久性状态混为一谈。如果两个素昧平生的人（我们都是素昧平生的）突然让他们之间的那堵墙倒塌，感觉越来越亲密，最后感觉像一个人一样，这种像一个人一样的时刻是一生中最令人愉快、最令人激动的经历之一。对于那些与世隔绝、孤独而没有爱的人来说，它更是美妙和神奇的。这种突然亲近的奇迹，如果与性的吸引和性的完美结合起来，或者为性的吸引和性的完美所引发，常常会变得很容易。但这种爱情自身的性质决定了它是不会长久的。两个人相互熟识了，他们的亲近关系也就越来越失去了其神奇性，直到最后他们的敌对、他们的失望，他们的相互厌烦把所剩不多的最初的激情也扼杀掉了。然而，开始时他们对此却一无所知：事实上，他们把彼此间的极度迷恋，相互为对方“疯狂”的状态当成了强烈爱情的明证，而实际上这也许只是证明了他们以前是多么的孤独。

This attitude — that nothing is easier than to love — has continued to be the prevalent idea about love in spite of the overwhelming evidence to the contrary. There is hardly any activity, any enterprise, which is started with such tremendous hopes and expectations, and yet, which fails so regularly, as love. If this were the case with any other activity, people would be eager to know the reasons for the failure, and to learn how one could do better — or they would give up the activity. Since the latter is impossible in the case of love, there seems to be only one adequate way to overcome the failure of love — to examine the reasons for this failure, and to proceed to study the meaning of love. 没有比爱更容易的事了——这种态度一直是有关爱的流行看法，尽管大量的证据说明事实恰恰相反。几乎没有什么活动、什么事业像爱情那样带着如此巨大的希望与期待开始，而又如此经常以失败告终。如果从事任何一件其他的活动出现这种情况，人们会渴望知道失败的原因，渴望学会怎样才能做得更好——或者他们会放弃这种活动。既然在爱的问题上不可能选择放弃，看来只有一种合适的方式来克服爱的失败了——这就是研究失败的原因，并进而探讨爱的意义。 The first step to take is to become aware that love is an art just as living is an art; if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed if we want to learn any other art, say music, painting, carpentry, or the art of medicine or engineering.

第一步要做的是要意识到，正如生活是一门艺术一样，“爱”也是一门艺术；如果我们想要学会如何去爱，我们就必须像学习其他任何一门艺术，如音乐、绘画、木工或者药学、工程那样，采取同样的方式。

What are the necessary steps in learning any art?

学习任何一门艺术的必要步骤是什么呢？

The process of learning an art can be divided conveniently into two parts; one, the mastery of the theory; the other, the mastery of the practice. If I want to learn the art of medicine, I must first know the facts about the human body, and about various diseases. When I have all this theoretical knowledge, I am by no means competent in the art of medicine. I shall become a master in this art only after a great deal of practice, until eventually the results of my theoretical knowledge and the results of my practice are blended into one — my intuition, the essence of the mastery of any art. But, aside from learning the theory and practice, there is a third factor necessary to becoming a master in any art — the mastery of the art must be a matter of ultimate concern; there must be nothing else in the world more important than the art. This holds true for music, for medicine, for carpentry — and for love. And, maybe, here lies the answer to the question of why people in our culture try so rarely to learn this art, in spite of their obviousfailures, in spite of the deep-seated craving for love, almost everything else is considered to be more important than love, success, prestige, money, power — almost all our energy is used for the learning of how to achieve these aims, and almost none to learn the art of loving.

学习一门艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是掌握理论；二是精于实践。如果我想学医，就必须首先了解有关人体和各种疾病的事实。但即使我掌握了所有这些理论知识，我在医术上仍然是无法胜任的。只有经过大量的实践，直到最后我的理论知识的成果和实践的成果融为一体，形成了直觉（这是掌握任何一门技艺的本质），我才能成为这门技艺的一位大师。但是除了学习理论和进行实践外，精通任何技艺还必须有第三种因素，即对这门技艺的掌握必须是头等大事；世上再没有比这门技艺更重要的事了。这一点适用于音乐、药学、木工，也同样适用于爱。在我们的文化中，人们尽管在爱的方面明显地屡遭失败，却仍很少去学习这门技艺，其原因也许就在这里：虽然内心深处都渴望爱，却认为其他任何事情都比爱更重要，如成功、声望、金钱、权力；我们几乎把所有的精力都用来学习怎样去实现这些目标，而几乎不花费任何精力来学习爱的艺术。 Could it be that only those things are considered worthy of being learned with which one can earn money or prestige,and that love,

which“only”profits the soul, but is profitless in the modern sense, is a luxury we have no right to spend much energy on?

这会不会是因为人们认为只有那些能用来赢得金钱和声望的东西才值得学习，而爱“仅仅”有益于心灵，却不能带来现代意义上的收益，所以就成了我们没有权利为之耗费过多精力的一种奢侈品呢？

unit4

课文部分：

Is e-mail a blessing or a curse? Last month, after a week’s vacation, I discovered 1, 218 unread e-mail messages waiting in my in box. I pretended to be dismayed, but secretly I was pleased. This is how we measure our wired worth in the late 1990s — if you aren’t overwhelmed by e-mail, you must be doing something wrong.

电子邮件究竟是福是祸？上个月在度假一周之后，我发现我的收件箱里有1218封未读邮件。我假装很沮丧，但是私底下却很愉快。这就是我们在90年代末期衡量自己的联系价值的方式——如果你不能被电子邮件吞噬，那么你肯定出了什么问题。

Never mind that after subtracting the stale office chitchat, spam, flame wars, dumb jokes forwarded by friends who should have known better and other e-mail detritus, there were perhaps seven messages actually worth reading. I was doomed to spend half my workday just deleting junk. E-mail sucks.

如果除去那些无聊的办公室邮件、垃圾邮件、网络口水大战邮件，那些应该更进一步了解我的朋友抄送的沉闷的笑话，以及别的零星电子邮件，其实大概只剩下7封邮件值得一读。但我却注定要花半天的工作时间删除这些垃圾邮件。电子邮件太糟糕了。

But wait — what about those seven? A close friend in Taipei I haven’t seen in five years tells me he’s planning to start a family. A complete stranger in Belgium sends me a hot story tip. Another stranger offers me a job. I’d rather lose an eye than lose my e-mail account. E-mail rocks!

但是等一下，这7封邮件又怎么样呢？一位5年未见的在台北的好朋友告诉我他正准备组建家庭。比利时的一个陌生人发给我一个火爆故事的提示。另一个陌生人要给我一份工作。与失去我的电子邮件信箱相比，我宁可失去我的一只眼睛。电子邮件太棒了！

E-mail. Can’t live with it, can’t live without it. Con artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn

enemies-they’ve all flocked to e-mail as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one

another, helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns conducted, crimes committed — all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-harried lives. To skeptics, e-mail

is just the latest chapter in the evolving history of human communication. A snooping husband now discovers his wife’s affair by reading her private e-mail — but he could have uncovered the same sin by finding letters a generation ago.

电子邮件让人难以忍受，却又无法离开。欺骗大师和艺术大师，广告商和自由斗士，爱人和宿敌都纷纷使用电子邮件作为新的表达工具。电子邮件方便、省时、拉近彼此距离，帮助我们经营我们日益复杂的生活。写书、运动、犯罪都可以通过电子邮件进行。但是电子邮件也很麻烦，浪费时间，让我们只面对电脑，彼此隔膜，让我们本已备受折磨的生活愈发复杂。对于怀疑论者，电子邮件只是人类交流演化史中的最近的篇章。一位爱管闲事的丈夫在阅读了他妻子私人电子邮件后发现了她的背叛，但是在上个年代，他也可以通过阅读书信发现这样的丑事。 Yet e-mail — and all online communication — is in fact something truly different; it captures the essence of life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seem ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty e-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the globes-spanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, then we must give e-mail — the living embodiment of human connection across the Net — pride of place. The way we interact with each other is

changing; e-mail is both the catalyst and the instrument of that change.

然而电子邮件——所有的网络通讯事实上是完全与众不同的；在20世纪末它抓住了生活的实质，有别的数码产品无法比拟的权威。我们的生活节奏是否在加快？电子邮件一方面让我们应对节奏的加速，另一方面又一手造成了这种加速。我们的注意力是否在众多新颖、改善的刺激之下难以为继？迅速涌现的垃圾邮件是给那些注意力可以用纳米秒来测量的人的。如果我们接受在全球扩张的因特网是最近半个世纪最重要的技术革新，那么我们必须要给电子邮件——网络上人类联系的活生生的证明——一个首要位置。我们彼此的互动方式正在发生变化，电子邮件是那种变化的催化剂和媒介。

The scope of the phenomenon is mind-boggling. Worldwide, 225 million people can send and receive e-mail. Forget about the Web or e-commerce

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说教育文库英语详细答案(6)在线全文阅读。