英语详细答案(5)

4、 I nearly cooked a chicken for dinner last night but I remembered just in time that Jack's a vegetarian, so we had a cheese soufflé instead. ——in the nick of time

昨晚我几乎煮熟了一只鸡作为晚餐，但是我恰好及时想起jack是一个素食者，所以我们用了奶酪替代。（恰好）

5、 The charges against the senior executive include abuse of power, bribery and altering fraudulently business records. ——falsifying 这归咎于高级行政官滥用职权，行贿受贿，篡改伪造事情记录。（篡改，伪造） 6、 The nervous strain of addressing a large conference can sometimes cause speakers to make silly minor errors: like Harold Wilson calling Harold Macmillan “Harold Wilson” for example.——Slips of the tongue 大规模的会议中神经紧张的说话方式有时会引起喇叭发生可笑的小错误：以Harold Wilson把Harold Macmillan 叫成“Harold Wilson”为例？？ 7、 Through hard work and persistence, he worked his way up from being a teacher in a village school to the headmaster of a large comprehensive.——perseverance

通过努力的工作和坚持不懈，他从一个乡村教师晋升为一个大规模学校的校长。（坚持不懈，不屈不饶）

8、 In his country, a 33% top tax rate has been fixed on everyone in the higher income group.——bracket

在他的国家，一个33%的最高税率已经被固定在每一个高收入人群上。（把??归为一类）

9、 Teachers are now more aware of the implication of the computer “hacker” phenomenon and are on the alert for potential hackers and cases of computer addiction that are already severe.——on the watch 教师们现在更加意识到电脑黑客现象的含义，密切注意着潜在的电脑黑客和早已造成计算机严重中毒的案例。（留心，注意）

10、 After working as a clerk for 5 years, he is bored with the job, and merely doing the routine without accomplishing anything at it. ——marking time

在从事5年办事员后，他被这份工作烦扰，仅仅例行公事花时间却得不到进步。（花时间而未获进步） C:

played around with enslaved well off cog spelt bait hearty bluff

beside herself oversight

1、 Chris decided to divorce Pat because he often （played around with） a girl young enough to be his daughter.

2、 Generations of women in this part of the world were （enslaved） by poverty, by religion an by tradition.

3、 My neighbor is always complaining about his secondhand car — he doesn’t know when she’s （well off）

4、 It is becoming abundantly clear that, unless r make some determined move, I will become a permanent （cog） in the machine.

5、 The recent fall in house prices has（spelt） disaster for many people who want to sell their houses.

6、 I told my sister I’d lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn’t rise to the （bait）

7、 My husband ate a （hearty） breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.

8、 Yesterday morning when she said she was going to leave him for good, he thought it was only a （bluff） .

9、 Alice was （beside herself） with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.

10、 Due to an （oversight） by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should have been.

2012-04-13 23:42

unit2

Is Love an Art?爱是一门艺术吗？ Erich Fromm 埃里克·弗罗姆

Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one “falls into” if one is lucky? This little book is based on the former premise, while undoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter.

爱一门艺术呢，还是一种快感呢？如果是一门艺术，它就需要知识和努力；而要体验快感则全凭造化，唯幸运儿才能“坠入爱河”。如今多数人无疑相信后一种观点，但这本小书却是基于前一种假定的。

Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs about love — yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love. 这并不是说人们认为爱不重要。人们渴望着爱，他们看不计其数的描写幸福和不幸爱情故事的电影，他们听数以百计的毫无价值的爱情歌曲——然而几乎没有人认为关于爱还有什么需要学习的东西。

This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved, rather than that of loving, of one’s capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim theyfollow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one’s position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one’s body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, “to win friends and influence people.” As a ED matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.

这种奇特的态度基于几个前提，这些前提往往单独地或相互结合地支持着这种态度。多数人认为所谓爱主要是“被爱”的问题，而不是“爱人”的问题，不是自己有没有爱的能力的问题。所以，他们认为问题在于如何被爱，如何变得可爱。他们通过几种途径来达到这一目的。其中尤为男士们所喜用的是取得成功，在自己的社会地位允许的范围内获得最大的权力和财富。而尤为女士们所喜用的是尽力塑造体形，注重衣着等，从而使自己更有吸引力。另外一些使自己更有吸引力的方式，则为男女所共同采用，如使自己举止得体，谈吐幽默，以及乐于助人、谦虚随和等。很多让自己变得可爱的方式和使自己事业有成的途径相同，如“赢得朋友，影响他人”等。其实，在我们的文化中，大多数所谓的可爱，实质上是既要讨人喜欢，又要具有性的魅力。

A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love is simple, but that to find the right object to love — or to be loved — is difficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the development of modern society. One reason is the great change which occurred in the twentieth century with respect to the choice of a “love object.” In the Victorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contrary,

marriage was contracted by convention either by the respective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in the Western world. In the United States, while considerations of a conventional nature are not entirely absent, to a vast extent people are in search of “romantic love,” of the personal experience of love which then should lead to marriage. This new concept of freedom in love must have greatly enhanced the importance of the object as against the importance of the function.

导致“爱不需要学习”这种看法的第二个前提是：人们想当然地认为，爱的问题在于“对象”，而不在于“能力”。他们认为“爱”是简单的，而找到爱或被爱的合适对象却很困难。造成这种态度有几个原因，它们的根源在于现代社会的发展。其中一个原因是：在20世纪，对“爱的对象”的选择发生了重大变化。在维多利亚时代，如同在很多传统文化中一样，一般说来，爱情并不是一种最终可能会导致婚姻的自然产生的个人体验。恰恰相反，婚姻是按传统习俗订好的，或通过双方家庭或通过一个媒人，也可能不需要这类中间人的帮助；婚姻是在考虑社会需要的基础上决定的，一旦结了婚，爱情就自然发展起来。在过去几代人中，浪漫爱情的观念已在西方世界变得极为普遍。在美国，虽然传统性质的考虑并未完全消除，但很大程度上人们却在寻求“浪漫爱情”，寻求导致婚姻的那种个人的爱情体验。这种自由恋爱的新概念一定大大增加了“对象”相对于“功能”的重要性。

Closely related to this factor is another feature characteristic of contemporary culture. Our whole culture is based on the appetite for buying, on the idea of a mutually favorable exchange. Modern man’s happiness consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows, and in buying all that he can afford to buy, either for cash or on installments. He (or she) looks at people in a similar way. For the man an attractive girl — and for the woman an attractive man — are the prizes they are after. “Attractive” usually means a nice package of qualities which are popular and sought after on the personality market. What specifically makes a person attractive depends on the fashion of the time, physically as well as mentally. During the twenties, a drinking and smoking girl, tough and sexy, was attractive; oday the fashion demands more domesticity and coyness. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century, a man had to be aggressive and ambitious — today he has to be social and tolerant — in order to be an attractive “package.”At any rate, the sense of falling in love develops usually only with regard to such human commodities as are within reach of one’s own possibilities for exchange. I am out for a bargain; the object should be desirable from the standpoint of its social value, and at the same timeshould want me, considering my

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