城市社会学试题汇总(7)

考试复习

classes)

(2) commercial district

(3) industrial district

(4) public district

Each of these broad categories is usually divided into two or more subcategories.

第十章

3、 The Physical-Ecological Determinists see a direct cause-and-effect relationship between physical environmental variables and social consequences.

According to their position, to modify human behavior position, one modifies physical settings. While the dominant perspective in town planning is Physical-Ecological Determinism, there are other stances. The most important of these other perspectives is the Socio-Culturalist.

Socio-Culturalist generally argue that the manner in which a given physical setting affects its inhabitants will depend on their culture, and social organization.

It is necessary to understand the culture (values, beliefs, interaction patterns, and ways of life) and social organization of the group who will be subject to the plan.

The environment can be divided into three components:

(1)physical environment

(2)social organization

(3)culture

Those two approaches, the Physical-Ecological Determinists and the Social-Culturalists, represent extremes of the planning continuum.

The debate between them will probably continue far into the future.

Some empirical studies derived from these theoretical positions had been become available:

(1) Density

(2) Spatial Determinism

(3) Neighborhood Development

第十二章

3、What does Louis Wirth’s theory of what distinguishes a modern city is its life-style.The size,density,and heterogeneity of the population require people to interact not as individuals but as roles and in formal associations and organizations.but with this modern life-style,people as individuals can become lost;they can then become deviant and disorganized.

第十三章

4、Urban centers that are home to transnational company headquarters and financial, technological, and services.

Traits:

a. Serve as command posts for global economy

b. Key location for financial services

c. They are the sites for the development of new ideas

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