城市社会学试题汇总(2)

考试复习

(7)Succession: If the second group displaces the first and take over the area, succession is said to have occurred.

3、What kind of trends of urban growth are described and explained by Burgess's （1）Tendency to push outward from the city centre when the city grows.

（2）there is a tendency for the size of the parcels of land to increase and density of occupancy to decrease as distance from centre city increase.

（3）the movement from CBD to Zone 5 involves certain time/cost tradeoffs.the economic value of the land,which is far from the city centre,is reduced.

4、一：维基百科版答案

The multiple nuclei model is an ecological model put forth by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in the 1945 article "The Nature of Cities." The model describes the layout of a city. It notes that while a city may have started with a central business district, similar industries with common land-use and financial requirements are established near each other. These groupings influence their immediate neighborhood. Hotels and restaurants spring up around airports, for example. The number and kinds of nuclei mark a city's growth.

The theory was formed based on the idea that people have greater movement due to increased car ownership. This increase of movement allows for the specialization of regional centers (eg. heavy industry, Business Park). There is no clear CBD (Central Business District) in this type of model. Concentric zone model

Based on human ecology theories done by Burgess and applied on Chicago, it was the first to give the explanation of distribution of social groups within urban areas. This concentric ring model depicts urban land use in concentric rings: the Central Business District (or CBD) was in the middle of the model, and the city expanded in rings with different land uses. It is effectively an urban version of Von Thunen's regional land use model developed a century earlier.[2] It contrasts with Homer Hoyt's sector model and the multiple nuclei model.

The zones identified are:

1.The center was the CBD

2.The transition zone of mixed residential and commercial uses

3.Low-class residential homes (inner suburbs), in later decades called inner city

4.Better quality middle-class homes (Outer Suburbs)

http://www.77cn.com.cnmuters zone

The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt.[1] It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth. As with all simple models of complex phenomena its validity is limited.

二：高老师课件版答案

①Burgess s Concentric Zone Theory

五个同心圆模式First concentric ring = Large office bldgs.（建筑）.、retail establishments（零售公司）, and governmental bldgs.（政府建筑）

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