外文翻译 食品工业污水处理(4)

外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食用油生产污水 磷脂 薄层色谱法 污水净化 污水处理

乌克兰大部分的食用油生产企业不能净化工业污水，排放成千上万吨的污染物质进入水体。一些存在净化设备的地方是很久以前建立的而且是为生活污水净化而设计的。这些设施即使在最好的情况下也只能减少部分BOD（生物需氧量）值或者仅仅是让水通过；最坏的情况是这些污水在排入水体前腐蚀这些设备并增强毒性。这些工业污水大多受到污染，特别是有机物的污染；当前的净化设备不能达到卫生要求。这些受食用油生产企业产生的有机物污染的地表水成为重大的生态危机。这些物质排放到水体中促进了腐烂过程，病原菌污染了水体，导致水恶臭并且对动植物产生影响。对于许多企业，污水净化成为一个严峻的问题。

The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and low-cost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil production-related wastes which would comply with environmental safety requirements.

本研究的目的是评估食用油工业产生的污水情况和开发一种高效、低成本的方法来利用市面上其他油类污水，并且达到环保安全要求。

As basis of our study, we have chosen the wastewaters dumped by those Ukrainian vegetable oil producing enterprises whose purification facilities are all but unused due to their technical deficiency. As a result of this, the polluted wastewaters, which do not correspond to the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “About protection of environment” and “Regulations for Protection of Surface Waters from Wastewater Pollution”, are dumped into open water bodies. As of today, the main problem of such facilities is the vast amount of wastewaters which are discharged in the process of production. These wastewaters flowing from extraction and refinement workshops are heavily polluted with organic substances (neutral fats, phospholipids, organic acids etc), both in dissolved condition and in the form of suspended solids and emulsion. It is not possible to dump such wastewaters into open water bodies without prior purification. The enterprise regarded it as economically unsound to neutralise discharges using sodium hydroxide because a lot of sodium hydroxide is needed while the water body would get even more polluted. Wastewaters are characterised by high degree of turbidity (dimness); the appearance of the substance resembles shaken emulsion of suspended substances in the form of tiny flakes having a sharp unpleasant smell of rancid fat exposed to rotting processes. 以研究为基础，我们通过乌克兰的植物油生产企业选择废弃的污水，那些企业的净化设施由于工艺缺陷几乎不用。因此，不符合乌克兰“关于保护环境”和“保护地表水污水污染条例”法律要求的污染污水排入开放的水体。从今天开始，主要问题是这些设备在生产过程中大量排放的污水。这些来自提纯和精炼的车间的污水含有大量的有机污染物(中性脂肪、磷脂、有机酸等)，以悬浮液和乳浊液的形式溶解。事先未经净化的污水不可能排放在开放的水体中。企业出于经济问题的考虑不会中和排放的氢氧化钠，虽然水体会造成更严重的污染，但是氢氧化钠是必须的。污水特色是高度的浑浊(浑浊)；外表类似悬浮液摇动后的乳浊液，以微小的鳞片形式存在，并有腐败过程产生的难闻的腐臭气味。

Experimental part

实验部分

In order to design a method for purification of the aforementioned wastewaters, we have conducted a series of experimental investigation. A quality assessment (in terms of content of polluting substances) of cooking oil-production wastewater was made using physical and chemical methods of analysis. A degree of pollution of wastewater

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