外文翻译 食品工业污水处理(3)

外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食用油生产污水 磷脂 薄层色谱法 污水净化 污水处理

deem it that all kinds of oil must necessarily be subject to refinement whilst raw material is to be subject to sanitary and hygienic control, verifying the presence or absence of these substances. 通过压榨产生的油可能是精炼的，也有可能不是。但是使用化学物质会使农业和环境恶化，原材料以及油中可能含有杀虫剂、有毒金属、毒素、致癌苯并芘。因此，科学家们和专家认为这种油必须在安全和卫生的控制下精制提纯，核实不存在这些物质。

Oil refinement leads to full or partial removal of harmful substances. Depending upon the depth of purification, the following types of oil are produced:

食用油的提纯导致全部或部分的有害物质的被去除。取决于纯化的深度，以下类型食用油被生产:

non-refined (cleaned from mechanical admixtures)

hydrated (cleaned from phosphatides)

refined non-deodorised (cleaned from phosphatides, free fat acids, colouring agents) refined deodorised (refined oil cleaned from aromatic and flavouring substances, pesticides and carcinogens).

After the non-refined oil is separated from the raw material, it is to be filtered or left to settle, so that peelings, particles of seed coats, pulp etc can be removed. The non-refined oil possesses colour, flavour, and smell which are peculiar to its mother raw material as well as all the corresponding substances (including the biologically active ones) which are native to it.

未精炼的(来自机械压榨)

水合物(来自磷脂)

精炼有臭味的(来自磷脂，游离脂肪酸、着色剂)

精炼无臭味的(从香料和芳香物质,从杀虫剂和致癌物质清洗出来的精炼油)。

未精炼的油从原料分离后，是过滤或沉淀下来，以便种皮,胚、果肉等可以去掉。有臭味的油具有的颜色、气味、味道都是独一无二的,其原料以及所有类似的物质(包括生物活性物)都是土生土长的。

Most of Ukrainian oil-producing enterprises do not provide for purification of industrial wastewaters, dumping thousands of tonnes of polluting substances into the water bodies. The purification facilities which exist in some places were constructed a long time ago and had been designed with regard to the requirements of domestic wastewater purification. Such facilities, at best, partially decrease the value of general BOD (biological oxygen demand) or simply let the wastewater flow through; whilst at worst, the wastewater is decomposing in these facilities and becomes even more poisonous when dumped into water bodies. Such industrial wastewaters are mostly polluted, especially with organic substances; therefore the purification facilities which are currently in operation are unable to clean them in compliance with sanitary requirements. A significant ecological danger comes from the pollution of surface waters with organic substances which the wastewaters flowing from cooking

oil-producing facilities contain. These substances, when dumped into water bodies, prompt the development of decomposition processes, infect water bodies with pathogenic bacteria, cause water efflorescence and have an overall negative influence over fauna and flora. For many enterprises of the subject branch, purification of wastewaters presents a serious problem.

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