跨文化商务交际 IBC Chapter 4(2)

improperly, touch can betray trust and cause annoyance.

Touch interpreted as power in many cultures: more powerful people touch less powerful people.

1) hand-shaking (differs in intensity and duration)

2) Hugging and kissing (for old friends, but inappropriate in business situations)

4. Smell

A number of elements affect the meaning we give to a smell, culture influences our reaction to each of these variables:

5. Paralanguage (副语言)

It involves sounds but not words, lying between verbal and nonverbal communication. It is divided into 3 categories:

Vocal qualifiers （语音修饰特征）

Vocalization （元音化/浊音化）

Silence

Vocal qualifiers （语音修饰特征）—— volume, pitch, rhythm, tempo, resonance, tone

Vocalization （元音化/浊音化）

Non-word noises "un-huh, oooh, mmmh, etc."

Language fillers "okay, you know".

"Oops" — used to show recognition of a mistake or minor accident, often as part of an apology.

"Oops! I'm sorry. I just made you miss your bus!"

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