高等学校研究生英语系列教程综合英语上册课文原文+翻译(8)

助；一些私人基金会和慈善机构给予投资，他们认为高等院校是达成其战略目标的最佳途径；一些个人和私人部门给予投资，他们认为高等院校是未来健康发展和富裕繁荣的孵化器。社会当然期望我们能有所作为以回报这种广泛的支持。社会期望我们产生新思想，开发新知识，以一种开放和共同协作的方式探索复杂的问题，培养未来一代公民和领导者。当处于困境的时候，我们不辜负这些期望就尤为重要。

3 The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been

superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. The academy is of the world, not apart from it. Its ideals, crafted over many generations, are meant to suffuse the national consciousness. Its scholars and teachers are meant to move in and out of the academy in pursuit of opportunities to use their expertise in public service, in pursuit of creative work that will give us illumination and insight and in pursuit of ways to turn laboratory discoveries into useful things. Our students engage the world with a strong sense of civic responsibility, and when they graduate they become alumni who do the same. This is as it should be.

3中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事——这一形象已被现代大学所取代——现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。高校是属于社会的，而不是游离于社会之外的。高校的理想，经由多少代人的铸造，旨在渗入国民意识之中。学者和教师必定要周旋于学院内外以寻觅运用他们的才能为公众服务的机会，寻觅能给我们带来启发和见识的创造性工作，寻觅把实验室的研究发现转化为实际应用的途径。我们的学生在从事社会活动时怀有一种强烈的公民责任意识，并且当他们毕业若干年后成为老校友时仍然会这样做。这些都是理所当然的。 4 The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian

concerns. Rather it depends on the ability to think in new and creative ways. When the Nobel laureate John Nash developed the mathematical concepts underlying non- cooperative game theory8 as a graduate student at Princeton, he could not foresee that those concepts would be used today to analyze election strategies and the causes of war and to make predictions about how people will act. When Professor of Molecular Biology Eric Wieschaus' set out as a young scientist to identify genes that pattern the body plan of the fruit fly embryo, he could not know that he would identify genes that play a central role in the development of human cancer. We have learned that we cannot predict with any accuracy how discoveries and scholarship will influence future generations. We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in^obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity.

4探索新思想和新知识不是依靠也不应该依靠功利主义动机，而是依靠以新颖的和创造性的方式进行思考的能力。当诺贝尔奖获得者约翰·纳什在普林斯顿大学读研究生时推动了构成“非合作博弈论”基础的数学概念的发展时，他可能根本不

会想到这些概念会在今天被用于分析选举策略、战争起因及预测人的行为表现等方面。当还是一名年轻科学家的分子生物学教授埃里克·维绍斯着手识别决定果蝇胚胎身体结构模式的基因时，他可能不知道他会识别出在推动对人类癌症的研究中起到关键性作用的基因。由此得知，我们无法准确地预测科学发现及学术成就将如何影响未来一代又一代的人们。同时，我们也得知，只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的，因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤，在那些领域，好运气同深奥的智慧一样能开花结果。我们最珍视的组织原则之一——探索的自由，不仅仅从道德上说是必需的，而且它也是一个实际需要。 5 Just as we have an obligation to search widely for knowledge, so we also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated, so that others can correct it when necessary, or build on it, or use it to make better decisions, develop better products or construct better plans. In the days ahead, I hope that our country's decision-makers will draw on the knowledge that resides on our campuses, on historians who can inform the present through deep understanding of the past, philosophers who can provide frameworks for working through issues of right and wrong, economists whose insights can help to get the economy back on track, engineers who know how to build safer buildings, scientists who can analyze our vulnerabilities to future attack and develop strategies for reducing those vulnerabilities, and scholars in many fields who can help us understand the motivations of those who would commit acts of terrorism here and throughout the world.

5就像我们有义务广泛寻求新知识一样，我们也有义务确保我们的学术研究能够被广泛地传播。只有这样，别人才能对其做出必要的修正，或将其发扬光大，或依据它来作出更好的决定，开发出更好的产品，或构建出更好的规划。在日后的岁月中，我希望我们国家的决策者根据留存于大学的知识来做决定，咨询能通过对过去的深刻理解而洞悉现在的历史学家们；咨询能提供明辨是非原则的哲学家们；咨询能以其洞察力使经济回归正轨的经济学家们；咨询知道如何建造更安全建筑的工程师们；咨询能分析我们容易招致未来袭击的软肋并能制订出弥补这些弱点的战略的科学家们；以及咨询能帮助我们弄清恐怖分子在我国及世界各地实施恐怖行动的动机的多个领域的学者们。

6 Let me now turn to the third obligation that we have to society: the education of the next generation of citizens and leaders. Princeton's view of what constitutes a liberal arts education was expressed well by Woodrow Wilson, our 13th President, whose eloquent words I read at Opening Exercises:\colleges, is not so much learning itself as the spirit of learning. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind.\

6现在，请允许我来阐述一下我们应对社会所尽的第三项义务：培育下一代的公民与领导者。普林斯顿大学所提倡的对大学文科教育的见解，我校第13任校长伍德罗。威尔逊曾作过精辟的表述，我在开学典礼上曾诵读过他的雄辩的语句：“在大学里我们应当努力传授的，与其说是知识本身还不如说是做学问的精神。

它包括：辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力，消化与阐释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯，对于持客观见解的偏好，执着于清晰有条理的思维过程，本能地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意思，对知识的鉴赏力，对人类健全心智的无限尊重。”

7 Wilson, and the presidents who followed him, rejected the narrow idea of a liberal arts education as preparation for a profession. While understanding the importance of professional education, they made it clear that at Princeton we should first and foremost cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students in the belief that this will be most conducive to the health of our society. Thus we distinguish between the acquisition of information, something that is essential for professional training, and the development of habits of mind that can be applied in any profession. Consequently we celebrate when the classics scholar goes to medical school, the physicist becomes a member of Congress, or the historian teaches primary school. If we do our job well as educators, each of our students will take from a Princeton education a respect and appreciation for ideas and values, intellectual openness and rigor, practice in civil discourse and a sense of civic responsibility. During these troubled times, our students and our alumni will be called upon to exercise these qualities in their professions, their communities and their daily lives. By so doing, and through their leadership, their vision and their courage, they will help to fulfill Princeton's obligation to society and bring true meaning to our motto, \

7威尔逊及其继任者们拒绝这一狭隘的观念：即大学文科教育只限于为某种职业做准备。他们在了解职业教育重要性的同时，更清楚在普林斯顿首先应该培养学生的思考能力和洞察力，坚信这才最有益于社会健全发展。因此我们对以下两方面做了区分：对职业素质的培养有重要作用的信息获取和能够应用于任何职业的思维习惯的发展。所以，当古典文学家走进医学院、物理学家成为国会议员或历史学家执教小学的时候，我们便感到庆幸。如果我们作为教育家做好我们的工作，我们的每一个学生将从普林斯顿的教育中学会尊重和欣赏各种理念与价值、思维的开放与严谨、社交实践与公民责任感。在这困难重重的年代，我们将号召我们的学生和校友们在他们的职业中、在他们的团体和日常生活中实践这些品质。通过这样做，通过他们的领导力、洞察力和勇气，他们将帮助履行普林斯顿对社会的义务和实践我们的座右铭：“普林斯顿——为国家服务，为世界服务!”

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