语言学课后习题答案(5)

N

The essay he wrote that was too long

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V AP

C S Deg P

NP NP Infl VP

N N Pst V NP

N

The essay that he wrote e was too long

b) The dog that he keeps bites. Deep structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V

C Infl S

Pres NP VP

N V NP

N

The dog he keeps that bites

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V

C S

NP NP Infl VP

N N Pres V NP

N

The dog that he keeps e bites

c) Herbert found the man she loved. Deep structure

CP

C S

NP VP

N Infl V NP

CP

Det N C S

NP Infl VP

NP N V

N

Herbert found the man she loved who

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

N Infl V NP

CP

Det N S C

NP Infl VP

NP NP N V

N N Herbert found the man (whom) she loved e

d) The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics. Deep structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V PP P NP C Infl S

N

NP VP

PP

N Qual VP NP V P N

The girl he often quarrels with whom majors in linguistics

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V PP

P NP C S

N NP NP Infl VP

PP

N N Qual VP NP V P N

The girl whom he often quarrels with e majors in linguistics

8. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences. a) Would you come tomorrow? Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP AdvP N Infl V Adv

you would come tomorrow

Surface structure

CP

C S

VP

NP AdvP Infl N Infl V Adv

would you e come tomorrow

b) Can you pass me the newspaper?

Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP NP NP N Infl V N Det N

you can pass me the newspaper

Surface structure

CP

C S

VP

Infl NP NP NP N Infl V N Det N

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