高二英语名词性从句要点精讲

高二英语名词性从句

要点精讲

高考重点要求

1．掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。 2．弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。 3．根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。

名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。我们看一下它们的属性。

如：that he failed the entrance examination 1)________made all of us surprised. 2)He told me ________. 3)The result is _______.

4)The news _____surprised me.

我们在四个句子中可以填入that he failed the entrance examination这个句子，发现都可成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。

纵观几年高考，对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。

引导词的分类：

1．连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which ，whatever,whoever,whichever,且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。

2．连接副词：why, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。

whether , if 在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。

3．that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。 针对如下情况，可进行对比：

1)______he will come to call on is uncertain . 2)_______he will come to call on us is uncertain.

3)_____ he will come to call on us makes us unhappy.

从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少call on 的宾语，应加who;

第二句中表语为uncertain ,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入when, why ,how ,whether 等;

第三句表一种已知事实，故应加入that 。

二．that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况

1．that 在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。 但注意以下宾从中that 不可省。

I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省) ２．whether ,if 宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。

但注意在宾语从句中不能用if 的情况：

It all depends on whether they will support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用if) He doesn't know whether to stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用if） Please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。

三．从句的区分

1)He tells me his idea ___we reduce the cost .

2)We are discussing the idea____he came up with yesterday.

第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。

四．分类复习中应注意的问题： 1.在主语从句中it 的使用

That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。 It is certain that he will come to the party. 同样道理，it 也可用作形式宾语。 2．宾语从句中的情况 1）时态的呼应问题。 2）特殊句式：

动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式 主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。

He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议) 但注意：

What he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明) 同样，insist

He insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做)

He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实) wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。 I wish that there were no examinations in school.

How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!

强化练习

1. It's no longer a question now _____ man can land on the moon. A. that B. if C. whether D. what

2. _____he said at the meeting astonished everyone at present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter

3. In front of___ remained of my old house, I took some pictures, which called up my childhood.

A. which B. the place C. where D. what

4. _____ you can go to college this year depends on ___ you are studying hard now. A. That, that B. Whether, whether C. If, if D. Whether, if

5. _____has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem. A. That B. What

C. Though what D. In spite of what

6. I'll tell you _____ he expects will win such and such a match. A. who B. whom C. what D. that

7. I didn't quite follow you. What was _____you just said about the place? A. that B. which C. how D. where

8. Maria has to baby-sit. That's _____ she can' t come out with us. A. when B. how C. why D. what

9. After ____seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life. A. that B. it C. which D. what 10. _____she was chosen monitor made him excited. A. What B. That C. If D. Whether

11. I don't think _____Jenny can come home this weekend. A. how B. why C. that D. when

12. When I try to find _____ that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two mean causes.

A. what it does B. what it is C. why it does D. why it is 13. You should stick to _____you have begun until you succeed. A. which B. that

C. whatever D. no matter what

14. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____. A. who is he ?B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11.C 12. B 13. C 14. D

Whatever与no matter what

It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants． A．whatever B．no matter what C．whenever D．no matter when

此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于C，D的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（＝anything that），也可引导状语从句（＝no matter what）： 1．引导名词性从句（只用whatever）： 无论他做什么都是对的。

正：Whatever he did was right．

误：No matter what he did was right． 山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正：Goats eat whatever they find．

误：Goats eat no matter what they find． 2．引导状语从句（两者可换用）： 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

正：Whatever you say，I won't believe you．

正：No matter what you say，I won't believe you． 无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。 正：Keep calm，whatever happens．

正：Keep calm，no matter what happens．

如何区分引导名词性从句的what, that

—I think ____ he needs is more practice．

—Yes． ____ he needs more practice is clear．

A．what， What B．that，That C．what， That D．that， What

此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别： 1．what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。

2．what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所?的[东西]）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。

请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：

1． ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us． A．What，what B．That，that C．What，that D．That，what

2．—I think he said is true．

—But don't forget the fact ____ he is a cheat． A．what，what B．that，that

C．what，that D．that，what

3． ____ surprised us most is ____ he spoke English so well． A．What，what B．That，that C．What，that 1．C 2．C 3．C

引导名词从句的whether与that

____ we'll go camping tomorrow depenps on the weather． A．If B．Whether C．That D．When 此题应选B。容易误选A，C。

1．关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除A。又如： 他是否会来还是个问题。

误：If he will come is a question．

正：Whether he will come is a question．

2．关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：

1．a．That we'll hold a meeting is decided．我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。 b．Whether we'll hold a meeting is not decided．我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。

2．a．That he has left here is clear．他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。

b．Whether he has left here is not clear．他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。 3．a．That he can finish it in two hours is clear．

b．whether he can finish it in two hours is a question．

引导名词性从句的what

____ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present． A．What B．That C．If D．Whether

此题应选A。选项C（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B（that）和D（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。 在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思： 1．用作连接代词，表示“什么”（由疑问词变来）： I don't know what he gave her．我不知道他给了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known to us．他在会上将说些什么，我们还

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