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A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
【解析】答案为D。根据句意“你可能昨天放错了地方”可知，应用might have put表示“对
过去情况较为肯定的猜测”。
⑧She have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t
B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
【解析】答案为A。由下文“for her bike is still here”可知“她不可能离开了学校”，故选C
项。
⑨Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
【解析】答案为B。couldn’t have+过去分词表示“(过去)不可能”。主意否定的转移，否则
就不可能正确理解句子的意思。句意：感谢你上个星期所做的艰苦努力。我想如果没有你我们就不可能把它做好的。 ⑩He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 【解析】答案为A。could have done表示“本来可以……”。句意：尽管他本来可以免费进去的，但他还是买了票。解本题的关键在于“when”一词，在本句中表示“尽管，虽然”。 （二）虚拟语气 ①If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier. A. will be
B. would have been
C. could have been
D. would be
【解析】答案为D。观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为
D。句意：如果没有虚拟语气的话，英语会更加简单的。
②________he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If
B. Since
C. Though
D. When
【解析】答案为A。句意：如果他的腿没有受伤的话，他就会赢得此次比赛了。根据句意
可知此句是是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选“if”引导虚拟条件句。
③If it _______ tomorrow, we________ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
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A. rains; would have had to
C. should rain; would have to
B. were to rain; will have to D. rained; should have had to
【解析】答案为C。根据语境中所给时间状语tomorrow可知，这是表示将来的条件状语
从句，本句可使用陈述语气（条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时），也可使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气（条件句用did/were to do/should do…，主句用would do…），根据所给选项，只有答案C项为正确答案。
特别注意省略“if”的虚拟条件句
④________fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be be
【解析】答案为B。虚拟条件句省略了“if”，要把“should”放在从句主语的前面构成部分倒
装。句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其它福利也不会受到影响。
⑤______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not were not 【解析】答案为C。根据主句中谓语动词结构would not have gone，说明前一分句是与过
去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选用过去完成时结构，分析四个选项，只有选项C（倒装结构）为正确答案。实际上，相当于一个陈述结构：If it had not been for…。
If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what________in science and technology. A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered discovered
【解析】答案为D。与现在的事实相反，从句用的是过去时，主语用“would”加动词原形
构成。“by”后的宾语从句是现在的事实，因此就该用与实际相符的时态来表示。“by”后的宾语从句表示的意思是：科学技术已经发现的东西。
①They ________two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A. had got
B. got
C. have got
D. get D. has been
C. Had it not been
D. If they
C. Could you be
D. Might you
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【解析】答案为B。【简析】根据下文“否则他们不可能负担得起”中所用的“虚拟语气”
表示“与过去的事实相反的情况”可以推断上文应该是一个过去的事实。
②But for the Party, he _______ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died
B. must have died
C. would die
D. died
【解析】答案为A。but for=without意为“要是没有??”，常跟虚拟语气连用。根据后
面的时间状语判断是跟过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
③Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night__, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold C. would be frozen cold
B. will be freezing coldly D. can freeze coldly
【解析】答案为A。句中介词短语Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat暗示条
件，实际上相当于一个明确的条件状语从句If there were no air to hold?。根据句意，句中时间状语today说明句子是对现在的假设，所以，该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚拟结构形式。
④Having known earlier, we __________such a thing from happening again. A. would stopped stopped
B. should have stopped C. would have stopped D. need have
⑤— He _________ in the experiment last time. — Luckily he followed your advice. A. failed failed
【解析】答案为D。根据对话情景可知，应答句Luckily he followed your advice（很幸运
他听了你的建议）实际上就是上一句讲话人暗示的条件。从应答句所给特定的动词时态（一般过去时）看，说明上一句中讲话人所说内容是对过去情况的假设，故暗示的条件句应为If he hadn’t followed your advice。由此可见，选项部分应为主句的谓语动词，与过去事实相反，应选用would have failed。
B. was failing
C. might have failed D. would have
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①Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
【解析】答案为A。as if意为“好像，仿佛……似的”，所引导的从句如果表示真实情况，
谓语动词用陈述语气。如果表示非真实情况，谓语动词用虚拟语气。因为伊丽莎所能想起的事都发生在过去，而不是发生在昨天，是非真实情况，所以要用虚拟语气。
②—I’m going to see the victim’s brother. —I’d rather you__________________. A. didn’t B. do not
C. don’t
D. do
【解析】答案为A 。 would rather后面从句用一般过去时表示跟现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
③—Don’t you think it necessary that he _______to Miami but to New York? —I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what
B. not be sent; that D. should not send; what
【解析】答案为B。在“It is necessary that…”句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式
为“should+动词原型”，“should”也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。“that”没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
④I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn’t have
【解析】答案为C。wish后面用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
2009年
[来源:21世纪教育网] B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t
1. (全国卷I)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should 【答案】A
B. would C. will
D. shall
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【解析】由语义：你什么意思啊？只有十张票，应该有十二张，可知正确答案是A项。 2. (全国卷II) I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will 【答案】B
【解析】根据前文, “我不能走”, 可以判断她告诉我 “必须”呆在这儿。must表示“必须、一定”。
3. (北京卷) One of the few things you ___ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should 【答案】D
【解析】关于英国人你可以肯定的一点是他们谈论很多的天气。用can表示可以，能够，
所以正确答案为D项。不能选C，should是表示责任和义务的。
4.（上海卷）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may 【答案】C
【解析】从后句他是唯一有车的人可以知道这一定是汤姆停的车，语气绝对和肯定用“must”。
5.This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would 【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：这台打印机的质量很好。如果在第一年里它坏了
的,修理费用由我们负担。对将来虚拟时，用should/were to do +v原形。
6.（重庆卷）—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be
B. should have been D. might have been
B. should C. could
D. might
B. can C. must
D. should D. can D. may
C. must be 【答案】C
【解析】根据语境知道问现在在哪里，而第二句话是指我刚才见到他在教室里，由此可
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