屠宰废水处理方案设计

河南机电高等专科学校毕业设计

摘 要

本设计为屠宰厂生产废水处理设计，设计过程为初步设计。屠宰废水水质的主要特点是含有大量的有机物，属高浓度有机废水，故其生化需氧量也较大。该屠宰废水处理厂的处理水量为400m3/d，不考虑远期发展。原污水中各项指标为BOD浓度为850mg/L，COD浓度为1800mg/L，SS浓度为850mg/L。因该废水BOD值较大，不经处理会对环境造成巨大污染，故要求最终出水水质执行《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）之二级标准。

经分析知该处理水属易生物降解又无明显毒性的废水，可采用两级生物处理以使出水达标。一级处理主要采用物理法，用来去除水中的悬浮物质和无机物。二级处理主要采用生物法，包括好氧生物处理法中的SBR法，可有效去除水中的BOD、COD。

整个工艺具有投资少，处理效果好，工艺简单，占地面积省，运行稳定，能耗少的优点。

关键词 ：屠宰废水处理，高浓度有机废水，格栅，气浮机，水解酸化，SBR法

河南机电高等专科学校毕业设计

ABSTRACT

The design for the slaughter factory wastewater treatment design, the design process for preliminary design. The main characteristics of slaughterhouse wastewater quality is contains a lot of organic matter, is a high concentration of organic wastewater, the biochemical oxygen demand is also high. The water treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant for 400m3/d, without considering the long-term development. In the original sewage indicators for the concentration of BOD was 850mg/L, the concentration of COD was 1800mg/L, the concentration of SS was 850mg/L. Because the BOD value of the waste water is large, causing great pollution to the environment will not be processed, so the requirements of the final implementation of water quality \wastewater discharge standard\

According to analysis of the wastewater treatment water is biodegradable and no obvious toxicity, can use two stage biological treatment to make water. First level of processing mainly uses the physical method, used to remove suspended matter and inorganic matter in water. The two level of processing mainly by biological method, including SBR method in aerobic biological treatment, can effectively remove BOD, COD. The whole process has less investment, good treatment effect, simple process, small occupied area, stable operation, low power consumption advantages.

Keywords: slaughter wastewater treatment, high concentration organic wastewater, grille, flotation machine, hydrolysis acidification, SBR method.

河南机电高等专科学校毕业设计

绪 论

屠宰业是我国出口创汇和保障供给的支柱产业，屠宰废水来自畜牧、禽类、鱼类宰杀加工，是我国最大的有机污染源之一。我国大部分城市已基本上实现了禽畜的顶点集中屠宰，据调查，屠宰废水的排放量约占全国工业废水排放量的6%，随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，肉类食品加工工业将会有更大的发展，屠宰废水的污染还有不断加剧的趋势，而环保部门要求具有一定规模的屠宰场都必须建立专门的废水处理站。屠宰废水主要来自猪禽类屠宰和加工环节，水量大、颜色深、有机物浓度高。废水中含有大量血液、油脂、碎肉、粪便和毛发，并带有难闻的臭味，含有高浓度的有机质而不易降解，处理难度大，环境污染严重。一般屠宰废水的水质具有如下特点。

①屠宰废水一般呈红褐色，有难闻的腥臭味，其中含有大量的血污、油脂质、毛、肉屑、骨屑、内脏杂物、未消化的食物、粪便等污物，固体悬浮物含量高。

②屠宰废水有机含量高，可生化性好，其中高浓度有机质不易降解，处理难度较大，屠宰废水中的营养物主要是氮、磷，其中氮主要以有机物或铵盐形式存在，而磷主要以磷酸盐的形式存在。

从国内外屠宰类废水的处理工艺及各自的优缺点入手，针对屠宰废水含油量高、高碳磷比和高碳氮比等特点，可以知道，屠宰废水最经济有效的处理方法应以生物法处理为主，辅助以必要的物理、化学等预处理方法，这样不仅达到预期处理效果和预防水体富营养化，而且还能产生清洁能源—沼气，节约能源。所以厌氧法＋好氧处理高浓度有机废水是将来研究的重要方向。

河南机电高等专科学校毕业设计

目录

第一章 工程概况、设计原则及依据 ........................................................................ 1

1.1工程概况 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 设计原则 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 设计依据 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.4设计规范 ........................................................................................................................ 1

第二章 屠宰废水的处理方法及工艺流程的确定 ............................................. 3

2.1屠宰废水的处理方法 .................................................................................................. 3

2.1.1 好氧生物处理 .................................................................................................. 3 2.1.2厌氧生物处理 ................................................................................................... 4 2.2 工艺流程的确定 .......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 工艺流程图 ................................................................................................................... 7 2.4工艺设计说明 ............................................................................................................... 7

第三章 主要工艺计算及设备选型 ............................................................................. 8

3.1 格栅的设计计算 .......................................................................................................... 8

3.1.1 设计说明.............................................................................................. 8 3.1.2 设计参数的选择.................................................................................. 8 3.1.3 栅条间隙数（n）................................................................................ 8 3.1.4 栅槽宽度（B）.................................................................................... 9 3.1.5 进水渠道渐宽部分的长度（L1）....................................................... 9 3.1.6 栅槽与出水渠连接处的渐窄部分长度（L2）................................... 9 3.1.7 过栅水头流失，栅条断面为矩形断面.............................................. 9 3.1.8 栅槽总高度（H）................................................................................ 9 3.1.9 栅槽总长度（L）................................................................................ 9 3.1.10 每日栅渣量（W）.............................................................................. 9 3.2 隔油沉砂池的设计计算............................................................................... 10

3.2.1 隔油沉沙池设计说明........................................................................ 10 3.2.2 隔油沉砂池设计计算........................................................................ 10 3.2.3 长度（L）.......................................................................................... 10 3.2.4 水流断面积（A）.............................................................................. 10 3.2.5 池总宽度（B）.................................................................................. 10 3.2.6 有效水深（h2）................................................................................. 10 3.2.7 建筑高度（H）.................................................................................. 10 3.2.8 隔油沉砂池简图................................................................................ 11 3.3 调节池的设计与计算................................................................................... 11

3.3.1 设计说明............................................................................................ 11 3.3.2 设计参数............................................................................................ 11 3.3.3 调节池的容积V1................................................................................ 11 3.3.4 调节池表面积（A1）......................................................................... 11

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河南机电高等专科学校毕业设计

3.3.5 调节池深度（H）.............................................................................. 12 3.4 气浮机........................................................................................................... 12

3.4.1 气浮机分类........................................................................................ 12 3.4.2 气浮机应用........................................................................................ 12 3.4.3 气浮机的选定.................................................................................... 13 3.5 水解酸化池设计计算................................................................................... 13

3.5.1设计说明............................................................................................. 13 3.5.2 设计计算............................................................................................ 13 3.5.3 进水系统的设计................................................................................ 14 3.5.4 出水系统的设计................................................................................ 14 3.6 SBR反应器的设计计算................................................................................ 14

3.6.1 设计说明............................................................................................ 14 3.6.2 一般说明............................................................................................ 16 3.6.3 参数选择............................................................................................ 16 3.6.4 反应池运行周期各工序的计算........................................................ 16 3.6.5 反应池池容计算................................................................................ 17 3.6.6 需氧量计算........................................................................................ 18 3.6.7 排泥系统计算.................................................................................... 22 3.6.8 上清液排出装置................................................................................ 22 3.6.9 SBR图................................................................................................. 22 3.7 接触消毒池................................................................................................... 22 3.8 污泥干化池................................................................................................... 23

3.8.1 设计说明............................................................................................ 23 3.8.2 设计计算............................................................................................ 23 3.9 平面布置及高程布置................................................................................... 23

3.9.1 平面布置原则及说明........................................................................ 24 3.9.2 高程布置............................................................................................ 24

第四章 初步经济技术分析 .......................................................................................... 27

4.1设备及建设费用............................................................................................ 27 4.2 年运行费用................................................................................................... 28

4.2.1 人员编制............................................................................................ 28 4.2.2 成本分析............................................................................................ 28

第五章 常出现的问题及解决方法 .......................................................................... 29 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................. 30 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 30

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