2014年职称英语卫生类B级考试试题及答案解析（十）(3)

A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[概括大意] 见第六段第一句，“Using machines for synthesizing DNA?”用仪器合成DNA，费尔和他的同事们制作了上千种“混杂”型的、能产生酶活性场的谷胱甘肽基因成分。 第7题

The strategy proposed by Fehl can protect cells in various parts of the body from chemotherapy drugs. A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[句意剖析] 见最后一段最后一句“But he warns that the proposed strategy would not protect cells lining the gut from chemotherapy drugs.”伦敦癌症研究运动的分子毒理学小组组长布赖恩·凯特尔说：“费尔的工作会是很重要的。”但他告诫说，费尔提出的对策将无法保护肠道细胞免受化疗药物的损害。

三、阅读理解（共15小题,共45.0分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第1题

Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people suffer from heart disease.

If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your

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heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this.

A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as \

factors\help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress.

High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked.

When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina.

In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe that it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle. To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering has become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease. Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival.

Your cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if

necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimise the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack.

It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others. Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recommended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit.

Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enough to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be

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prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor? A smoking B tea drinking C obesity D stress

【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：3.0分

【答案解析】

[直接定位] 见第三段“These include：high blood cholesterol，high blood pressure，smoking?”现已知道有很多因素可以增加你患冠心病的危险。这些因素常被称作“危险因素”。但其中一些因素可经改变或调整来改善你的状况。这些因素包括：高血胆固醇、高血压、吸烟、饮食不良、缺乏锻炼、大量饮酒、肥胖、糖尿病和紧张。 第2题

Which is the most important risk factor? A poor diet B diabetes

C high blood cholesterol D beer drinking 【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：3.0分

【答案解析】

[句意剖析] 见第四段，“High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors?”尽管已知高血胆固醇是最重要的危险因素之一，但只有半数的冠心病患者查过其血中胆固醇含量。 第3题

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Which of the following directly causes the chest pain or tightness? A blocking of the coronary artery B narrowing of the artery C high blood cholesterol D stress

【正确答案】：A

【本题分数】：3.0分

【答案解析】

[主旨归纳] 见第五段和第六段，当血中胆固醇水平增高时，它在动脉(血管)管壁堆积，适成其管腔狭窄。这时狭窄开始限制流至心脏的血量。在这种情况下，患者会常常感到胸部疼痛或憋闷感，即心绞痛。有时，给心脏供应血液的动脉狭窄变得严重时可阻塞这条动脉。然而更常见的情况是部分的阻塞引发血硷形成，导致心梗，这可导致部分心肌的永久损害。 第4题

What should be checked regularly to minimise the risk of suffering future heart problems? A hemoglobin B cholesterol C blood sugar D bilirubin

【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：3.0分

【答案解析】

[主体推断] 见第七段“To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls?”你应该定期检查胆固醇水平，在必要时，应与所有其他因素一起调整。这将有助于保证你尽量降低罹患再次心梗等心脏病的风险。 第5题

How can one reduce these risk factors?

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A stopping smoking B regular exercise C healthy diet D all of these 【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：3.0分

【答案解析】

[主体推断] 见第十一段“Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors?”生活方式的改变常可减轻这些危险。这包括戒烟或减少吸烟数、健康的饮食、适宜的体重、经常锻炼以及不过量饮酒。健康的饮食包括减少饱和脂肪的摄入量，并平衡其与单链和多链不饱和脂肪的摄入量，还要增加谷类、蔬菜和水果的食用。 第6题

Such mental fatigue can be as threatening as a heart attack. Recent evidence indicates that sleepiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidents. \workplace accidents, depending on the type of job, \biological psychologist David Dinges of the University of

Pennsylvania. \at least as important as drugs, alcohol and equipment failure.\research suggests that sleep loss contributes to everything from drug abuse to poor grades in school.

A typical adult needs about eight hours of shut-eye a night to

function effectively. By that standard, millions of Americans are for a long time sleep deprived, trying to get by on six hours or even

less. In many households, cheating on sleep has become an unconscious and harmful habit. \going to bed late and then getting up early to get to the gym, \Cornell's Pollak. In extreme cases people stay up most of the night, seeing how little sleep will keep them going. They try to compensate by short sleeping late on weekends, but that makes up for only part of the shortfall. Over the months and years, some researchers

believe, the imbalance builds up and the effects accumulate. \Americans no longer know what it feels like to be fully alert, \contends Dr. William Dement, director of Stanford University's Sleep

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