2014年职称英语卫生类B级考试试题及答案解析（十）(2)

C irritating D surrounding 【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[词义辨析] bothersome“讨厌的”与C项的irritating“使人不愉快的”含义接近。unnatural“不自然的”；dangerous“危险的”；surrounding“周围的”。 第13题

The sisters can't tolerate each other. A hate B bear C like D criticize

【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[词义辨析]tolerate与bear同义，意为“容忍，忍受”。hate“憎恶，憎恨”；like“喜欢，喜爱”；criticize“批评，挑剔，非难”。 第14题

Tom dropped off in front of fire. A drop at B drop away C doze off D take off

【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

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[直接定位]drop off意为“打盹儿，打瞌睡”，与doze off同义。 第15题 He looked dismayed when he heard the news. A pale B hurtful C doubtful D disappointed 【正确答案】：D

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[词义辨析]dismayed与disappointed同义，意为“失望的，沮丧的”。pale“(指人面色)苍白的”；hurtful“(精神上)痛苦的，刻薄的”；doubtful“怀疑的，令人生疑的”。

二、阅读判断（共7小题,共7.0分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内答对每个句11双l出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是锋误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 第1题

Souped-up(效力增强了的) enzymes that flush poisons out of cells more efficiently than their natural counterparts(对应的人或物) could alleviate some of the severe side effects of chemotherapy and so improve the chances of curing cancers.

Many anticancer drugs attack tumor cells because they divide more rapidly than heathy cells. But some vital healthy cells also divide faster thanormal, and these are destroyed as well. The most vital cells caught in the chemical cross-fire are those made in the bone marrow(骨髓). Under normal circumstances, these mature into

platelets(血小板), which are vital for wound-healing, and white blood cells that fight infections. If levels of these cells fall, patients become dangerously vulnerable to infection and can suffer such severe internal bleeding that treatment has to be stopped. Surviving cancer cells can then re-grow and reduce the effectiveness of the therapy. Bill Fehl and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Medical School have engineered an enzyme that could make bone marrow cells resistant to the cancer drugs, so higher doses can be given and side effects reduced. The idea is to take healthy bone marrow cells from patients before they begin chemotherapy, then equip these cells with

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the genes that make the enzyme drug-resistant. When returned to the patient, the improved bone marrow cells could then withstand heavy doses of the drugs.

The natural version of the enzyme—called glutathione Stransferase(谷胱甘肽S转移酶) —is produced mainly in the liver and catalyses(催化) the breakdown of compounds that might otherwise damage DNA in cells. GST also neutralizes(中和) the toxic breakdown products of anticancer drugs, which makes it suitable for protecting bone marrow cells. But natural GST does not work efficiently enough to avoid being swamped by high doses of drugs.

GST catalyses a reaction between potentially toxic compounds and

glutathione—a peptide (肽) produced in almost all cells of the body. The GST molecule has a cavity, or \molecules are brought close enough to react. This neutralizes the toxin, which passes into the blood to be excreted in the patient's urine.

Using machines for synthesizing(结合,使合成)DNA, Fehl and his

colleagues made thousands of \GST gene that make the active site of the enzyme. They inserted these scrambled genes into Escherichia coll. By exposing the bacteria to increasing quantities of the anticancer drug, mechlorethamine(氮芥), Fehl screened out the ones most tolerant to the drug.

\one,\kill the bacteria.

Fehl has already exposed mice carrying copies of the doctored gene to known carcinogens(致癌物) to see how efficient the gene is at mopping up the toxins. The more efficient it is, the less damage the toxins do and fewer tumors should appear.

\the group carrying the gene, \results. Fehl's team has applied for a patent covering the technique, and hopes to develop treatments with Systemix, a company based in Palo Alto, California.

Brian Ketterer, who heads the Cancer Research Campaign's molecular toxicology group in London, says Fehl's work could be important. But he warns that the proposed strategy would not protect cells lining the gut from chemotherapy drugs.

The passage mainly discusses about the toxic reaction of anticancer drugs. A Right

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B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：B

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[总体推断] 本文主要讨论的是一种加强型的酶能够更有效的冲走毒素细胞，减轻化疗的严重副作用，从而提高治愈癌症的机率。 第2题

Dietary intervention may work even after precancerous warning signs have appeared. A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[直接定位] 该句句意为“饮食的干预即使在癌症前期警示性征兆出现之后也可能奏效”。但本文并没有提到这一点。 第3题

Being resistant to the anticancer drugs, bone marrow cells can greatly reduce the side effects. A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：A

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

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[概括大意] 见第三段第一句，“Bill Fehl and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Medical School have engineered an enzyme?”威斯康星大学医学院的比尔·费尔和他的同事们设计了一种酶能使骨髓细胞对肿瘤药物具有抗药性。这样就可以大剂量地应用抗癌药物，而副作用可以降低。 第4题

Wheat bran may lower the risk of colon cancer. A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：C

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[句意剖析] 该句意为“麦麸可能降低患结肠癌的危险性。”但本文并没有提到这一点。 第5题

The enzyme engineered by Fehl's team is superior to the natural enzyme in withstanding Heavy doses of the drugs. A Right B Wrong

C Not mentioned 【正确答案】：A

【本题分数】：1.0分

【答案解析】

[主旨归纳] 见第三段，“The idea is to take healthy bone marrow cells from patients?”他们的想法是在癌症病人进行化疗前取出健康的骨髓细胞，然后给它们配备上能使酶有抗药性的基因。当这些细胞重新植入病人体内时，改善后的骨髓细胞就能耐受大剂量的药物。 第6题

Fehl picked up the most tolerant scrambled gene by using machines.

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