english study for college(3)

do not realize, however, is that carbohydrates are our bodies' main source of energy, and that these foods also contain essential components for the composition of substances that are needed to keep the body healthy. As a result, they try to avoid eating these foods, and consequently, they become weaker and less healthy. They begin to have difficulty sleeping properly and start to suffer from radical mood changes. In more serious cases, they even begin to show signs of mental illness. It is strange that most strict diets recommend artificial sweeteners to take the place of sugar and other natural sweeteners. In fact, such artificial sweeteners actually increase one's appetite and lead to one's eating even more than usual. Of course, the fact that misguided forms of dieting result in so many problems does not mean that no dieting is safe or all dieting is harmful to the health. Proper dieting can not only help a person lose ugly excess fat, but can also help him or her to lead a more active, happier and healthier life.

You might ask just what a proper diet is. Well, simply expressed, a proper healthy diet is one that is well-balanced, or in other words, one that includes enough but not too many of the kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that need to function properly. The most important of these nutrients are the macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The body needs fairly large amounts of proteins and carbohydrates for building material and energy. Meat, fish, eggs, milk, cream, and nuts all contain proteins and foods such as rice, bread, potatoes contain carbohydrates. The body needs fat to keep it from the cold and to provide a protective layer for the organs, but only in small quantities.

Vitamins and minerals such as iron, calcium, are another group of essential nutrients, though the body does not need as great a quantity of these as it does the macronutrients - proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

One way of getting enough nutrients while keeping one's weight down is to take substitutes for foods which contain too much fat. For example, instead of regular milk, one can take skimmed milk, which contains as many proteins and minerals as regular milk but has had the fat removed. In the same way, vegetable oil can be used for cooking instead of animal oil.

New Words

1. weight n. 重量；体重 2. balance n. 平衡；均衡；天平 3. process n. 过程 4. dieter n. 节食者 5. essential adj. 必要的 6. consequently adv. 所以；因此 7. recommend v. 推荐 8. artificial adj. 人工的；人造的 9. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的 10. excess adj. 过量的；额外的 11. include v. 包括；包含 12. layer n 层；层面 13. nutrient n. 营养物 14. macronutrient n. 多量营养素 15. contain v. 包含；容纳 16. calcium n. 钙 Phrases & Expressions 1. regardless of 不管

e.g. He cotinued speaking, regardless of my feeling. 他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。 2. as though 好像

e.g. He behaved as though nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。 3. slow down 降低；减缓

e.g. She slowed down the car and stopped. 她把汽车速度减缓后停了下来。 Language Focus

1.What they do not realize, however, is that carbohydrates are our bodies’ main source of energy, and that these foods also contain essential components for the composition of substances that are needed to keep the body healthy. 可是，他们都没意识到碳水化合物是我们身体能量的主要来源，这些食品里也含有保持身体健康所必需的一些物质成份。

What引导的名词性从句充当整个句子的主语，正常的语序是However, what they do not realize is that…。…that are needed to keep the body healthy, that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the composition of substances.

2. Of course, the fact that misguided forms of dieting result in so many problems does

not mean that no dieting is safe or all dieting is harmful to the health. 当然，错误的节食方法导致了很多问题，但这并不意味着没有任何一种节食方法是安全的，也不意味着一切节食方法都对健康有害。

该句子是由fact 引导的同位语从句，其主干是 the fact does not mean that …。 result in: have a specified effect; lead to 导致

e.g. His carelessness resulted in his failure in examination.

他的粗心大意导致了考试的失败。

3．A proper healthy diet is one that is well-balanced, or in other words, one that includes enough but not too many of the kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that need to function properly. 有益于健康的节食食谱是各种食物都能均衡搭配的食谱。换句话说，这种食谱中包含了足量的却不是过多种类的食物，它们可为我们人体的生理活动提供所需要的各类营养物质。

这句话中包含有四个从句，第一个从句that is well-balanced, that引导的定语从句修饰先行词 one (a proper healthy diet ); 第二个从句that includes enough but not too many of the kinds of foods, that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词one (a proper healthy diet ); 第三个从句that provide the body with the nutrient, that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词foods; 第四个从句that need to function properly, that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the nutrients。 function: work as sth; operate 发挥其功能

e.g. The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床用。

4．For example, instead of regular milk, one can take skimmed milk, which contains as many proteins and minerals as regular milk but has had the fat removed. 例如，可以不饮用全脂奶，而饮用脱脂奶，这种脱脂奶含有和全脂奶等量的蛋白质和矿物质，只不过是牛奶中的脂肪已经被除掉了。 instead of : in place of 代替??, 而不是??

e.g. Will you go to the meeting instead of me? 你代替我去开会好不好? regular milk 全脂奶 skimmed milk 脱脂奶 After-reading Exercises

I. Answer the following questions in not more than three words. 1. What is the disadvantage of going on too strict a diet? Going on too strict a diet can _________in the human body. 2. Which kind of food can make one fat?

Foods like rice, bread, potatoes, cakes, sweets, fruits and _________, and so on can make one fat.

3. What is the result when people try to avoid eating such foods which contains carbohydrates? They become_________.

4. Why does the body need large amounts of proteins and carbohydrates? The body needs large amounts of proteins and carbohydrates for_________. II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases from the list. Change the form where necessary.

excess recommend balance weight artificial essential consequently include 1. A lot of people use ___ sweeteners in their tea or coffee. 2. The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excessive ___. 3. Government support will be ___ if the project is to succeed.

4.How do you find an acceptable ___ between closeness and distance in a relationship?

5.A company which makes high profits must pay ___ profits duty to the government. 6. I spent most of my money on shopping in the first week and ___ had very little to support myself during the last few days of the holiday. 7. There were doubts as to whether she was ___ in the invitation

8. He was ill because of the overwork, the doctor strongly ___ that he take a holiday.

Part Three Grammar Tips

Subjunctive Mood (1)

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、怀疑、推测或建议等。 1、虚拟语气的形式：

虚拟语气分be型虚拟语气和were型虚拟语气两种。Be 型虚拟语气是指不管主 语是什么人称，动词一律用原形；were型虚拟语气是指不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用 were(即过去时)。 2、Be型虚拟语气

Be型虚拟语气多用于美式英语，英式英语则主要用于正式文体（非正式文体中常用should+动词原形）。 用 法 表祝愿 例 子 1. May you be happy! 1.常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但2. May the friendship between us last 愿；此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 2.用动词原形。 表示强烈愿望 long! 3. Have a good journey! 4. God bless you! 1. God save me. 该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，2. Heaven help us! 第三人称单数也不加“s”。 表命令 1. Work harder! 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称，而2. Be more alert! 且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 3. Don’t be afraid!

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